Lavochkin La-15

La-15
La-15
	La-15 at Central Air Force Museum, Monino
General information
Type	Fighter
Manufacturer	Lavochkin / Plant 21 "Sokol"
Primary user	Soviet Air Force
Number built	235
History
Introduction date	1949
First flight	January 8, 1948 (Aircraft 174)
Retired	1953

The Lavochkin La-15 (Plant 21 product code Izdeliye 52, USAF reporting name Type 21,^[2] NATO reporting name Fantail^[3]), was an early Soviet jet fighter and a contemporary of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15^[1] which was in service with the Soviet Air Force from 1949 till 1953.

Design and development

Lavochkin had produced a line of prop powered fighters in World War II. The Lavochkin La-150 was its first response to a 1945 order to build a single-seat jet fighter using a single German Junkers Jumo 004 turbojet from the Me 262. The Lavochkin La-152 which flew in December 1946 moved the engine to the front of the nose, which reduced thrust loss. The Lavochkin La-160 was the first Soviet fighter to apply swept wings, and flew in June 1947.

The Lavochkin La-168 first flew on April 22, 1948. It was designed to use the new turbojet based on the Rolls-Royce Nene in response to a 1946 request for an advanced swept-wing jet fighter capable of transonic performance. The engine was placed behind the pilot, but with a high-mounted wing and T-tail compared to the similar MiG-15.

The La-15 which reached mass production was the outcome of a series of development aircraft that began with the Aircraft 150 bomber in 1945 and culminated in Aircraft 176, later in 1948. These aircraft were designed for British engines, Rolls-Royce Derwent V and Rolls-Royce Nene, acquired by the Soviets in 1947 and then copied as the Klimov RD-500 and Klimov RD-45 respectively. The Derwent-powered Aircraft 174 was designed as a backup for the main program, the Nene-powered Aircraft 168, in case the British failed to deliver more powerful Nene engines with afterburners (which they did fail to deliver). The first prototype of Aircraft 174 was flown just 9 days after its counterpart the Mikoyan-Gurevich I-310, on January 8, 1948. The first prototype was however lost on May 11, 1948 due to vibrations. Trials were continued with an improved second prototype, designated Aircraft 174D, which underwent State Acceptance Tests from August to September 25, 1948. In comparison with the Nene-powered MiG-15 it had almost the same maximum speed and better maneuverability, with somewhat reduced rate of climb. The type was ordered into production in September 1948, even while Aircraft 174D was undergoing flight trials, and given the official designation La-15 in April 1949.^[1]

The La-15 had a barrel-like fuselage, shoulder-mounted swept wings with 6 degrees anhedral, and stabilizers mounted high on the fin, almost a T-tail. It was popular with pilots because of its easy handling and reliability, and its pressurized cockpit was an advantage at high altitude. Nevertheless, official enthusiasm for the La-15 was mild, largely because it was a complex design that required complicated and expensive production tooling. Only 235 La-15s were built, serving with the Soviet Air Force until 1953.^[1]

Operational history

The La-15 was tested operationally by the 192nd Fighter Wing, based at Kubinka from 19 March 1949, and began appearing in front-line combat units later the same year. One unit was seemingly the 196th Fighter Aviation Regiment.^[4] Introduction was accompanied by numerous accidents, but the competing MiG-15 design fared little better. However, although the La-15 had a number of technical advantages over the MiG-15, a combination of easier manufacture and lower costs led to the MiG-15 being favoured. The Soviet authorities decided to produce only one fighter, and they chose the MiG-15bis. The remaining La-15s in service were disarmed by 1953, and their engines reused on the KS-1 Komet air-to-surface missile. The aircraft were expended as targets at various nuclear bomb tests.^[1]

Variants

Aircraft 174: Rolls-Royce Derwent powered first prototype of La-15. Crashed due to structural vibrations caused by sympathetic resonant frequencies of tailplane and rear fuselage.^[1]
Aircraft 174D: (Dooblyor-second)- Second prototype with modifications shown to be required from Aircraft 174's flight tests.^[1]
Aircraft 180: A two-seat trainer version was also developed as Aircraft 180 and was to be put into production as the UTI La-15 or La-15UTI, but as official interest in the La-15 waned, the trainer was cancelled before mass production began and only two were made.^[1]

Operators

Soviet Union

Soviet Air Force^[1]

Survivors

An La-15 is on display at the Central Air Force Museum at Monino, outside of Moscow, Russia.^[5]

Specifications (La-15)

Data from Lavochkins Last Jets^[1]

General characteristics

Crew: 1
Length: 9.563 m (31 ft 4.5 in)
Wingspan: 8.83 m (28 ft 11.7 in)
Height: 3.8 m (12 ft 5 in)
Wing area: 16.167 m² (174.02 sq ft)
Empty weight: 2,575 kg (5,677 lb)
Gross weight: 3,850 kg (8,488 lb)
Fuel capacity: 1,060l (233.2Imp Gal)
Takeoff distance: 650 m (2,132.5 ft)
Landing distance: 800 m (2,624.7 ft)
Powerplant: 1 × Klimov RD-500 centrifugal compressor turbojet, 15.59 kN (3,500 lbf) thrust

Performance

Maximum speed: 1,007 km/h (626 mph, 544 kn) at 8,000m (26,350ft)
Range: 1,145 km (711 mi, 618 nmi) at 10,000m (32,810ft)
Service ceiling: 13,500 m (44,300 ft) at nominal power - prone to surge at military power above 8,000m (26,250ft)
Rate of climb: 31.7 m/s (6,240 ft/min)
Time to altitude:
- 5,000m (16,400ft) in 3.1 min
- 10,000m (32,180ft) in 9 min
Wing loading: 238 kg/m² (49 lb/sq ft)
Thrust/weight: 0.42

Armament

Guns: 3 × 23mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 autocannon with 100 rounds per gun

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Gordon, Yefim (26 April 2007). Lavochkin's Last Jets. Red Star. Vol. 32. Hinkley: Midland publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-253-5.
^ "Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles".
^ "Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles".
^ http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/regiment/iap/196iap.htm ^{[bare URL]}
^ [1] Monino home page

Bibliography

Gordon,Yefim. Lavochkin's Last Jets. Midland Publishing. Hinkley. 2007. ISBN 1-85780-253-5

v t e Lavochkin aircraft
Fighters	LaGG-1 LaGG-3 La-5 La-7 La-9 La-11 La-15
Experimental aircraft	La-120 La-126 La-130 La-132 La-134 La-138 La-140 La-150 La-152 La-160 La-168 La-190 La-200 La-250
Other	La-17 (drone) V-300 (missile) Lunokhod (lunar probes)