List of cathedrals in England
This is a list of cathedrals in England, the Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey, as well as Gibraltar. Former and intended cathedrals are listed separately. Cathedrals in overseas territories can be found at List of cathedrals in British Overseas Territories.
A cathedral church is a Christian place of worship that is the chief, or "mother" church of a diocese and is distinguished as such by being the location for the cathedra or bishop's seat. In the strictest sense, only those Christian denominations with an episcopal hierarchy possess cathedrals. However, notable churches that were formerly part of an episcopal denomination are still often informally called cathedrals.
It is a common misconception that the term "cathedral" may be applied to any particularly large or grand church. A cathedral may be a relatively small building, particularly if it is located in a sparser or poorer community. Modern cathedrals frequently lack the grandeur of those of the Medieval and Renaissance times, focusing more on the functional aspect of a place of worship. However, many of the grand and ancient cathedrals that remain today were originally built to much smaller plans, and have been successively extended and rebuilt over the centuries.
Some cathedrals were purpose-built as such. Some were formerly abbeys or priories, whilst others were parochial, or parish churches, subsequently promoted in status due to ecclesiastical requirements such as periodic diocesan reorganisation.
For the other parts of the United Kingdom, see List of cathedrals in Northern Ireland; List of cathedrals in Scotland; List of cathedrals in Wales
For the Falkland Islands, which has a similar constitutional status to Gibraltar, see Christ Church Cathedral (Falkland Islands)
Contents of this list
[edit]The following list comprises all locations of current cathedral churches, or former cathedral churches, including those locations where no trace remains of the structure, indeed where the precise location is no longer known.[dubious – discuss]
Also included are those structures or sites of intended cathedrals as well as pro-cathedrals, which are churches serving as an interim cathedral, (for instance whilst a permanent cathedral is acquired), or as a co-cathedral where the diocesan demographics/geography require the bishop's seat to be shared with a building in another location.
The inclusion of dependencies is strictly for ecclesiastical reasons—the included dependencies are those that share a province with the mainland of England.
Church of England
[edit]Province of Canterbury
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Birmingham Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Philip |
Diocese of Birmingham | 1905 | |
former parish church | 52°28′52″N 1°53′56″W / 52.481225°N 1.898907°W | ||
Bristol Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity |
Diocese of Bristol | 1542–1836 1897 | |
Augustinian abbey 1140–1539 | 51°27′06″N 2°36′03″W / 51.451654°N 2.600799°W | ||
Canterbury Cathedral Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ |
Diocese of Canterbury | 597 | |
Mother church of the Province of Canterbury and of the Anglican Communion worldwide | 51°16′47″N 1°04′59″E / 51.279689°N 1.083183°E | ||
Chelmsford Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Mary, St Peter and St Cedd |
Diocese of Chelmsford | 1914 | |
former parish church | 51°44′07″N 0°28′20″E / 51.735172°N 0.472219°E | ||
Chichester Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity |
Diocese of Chichester | 1080 | |
moved from Selsey | 50°50′11″N 0°46′50″W / 50.836305°N 0.780576°W | ||
Coventry Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Michael |
Diocese of Coventry | 1962 | |
replaced the cathedral (parish church till 1918) lost during World War II | 52°24′31″N 1°30′25″W / 52.408483°N 1.506940°W | ||
Derby Cathedral Cathedral Church of All Saints |
Diocese of Derby | 1927 | |
former parish church | 52°55′29″N 1°28′39″W / 52.924810°N 1.47739°W | ||
Ely Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity |
Diocese of Ely | 1109 | |
convent (with monastery?) 673–9th century secular canons 9th century; Benedictine priory 970–1540 formerly dedicated to St Peter and St Etheldreda |
52°23′55″N 0°15′48″E / 52.398632°N 0.263205°E | ||
Exeter Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Peter |
Diocese of Exeter | 1050 | |
translated from Crediton | 50°43′21″N 3°31′47″W / 50.722476°N 3.529796°W | ||
Gibraltar Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity |
Diocese in Europe | 1842 | |
church built between 1825 and 1832 | |||
Gloucester Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Holy and Indivisible Trinity |
Diocese of Gloucester | 1541 | |
joint with Bristol Cathedral 1836–1897 monastery and convent 681; secular canons 823; Benedictine priory 1022–1539 formerly dedicated to St Peter |
51°52′03″N 2°14′48″W / 51.867549°N 2.246590°W | ||
Guildford Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Holy Spirit |
Diocese of Guildford | 1965 | |
51°14′28″N 0°35′24″W / 51.241155°N 0.590054°W | |||
Hereford Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Mary the Virgin and St Ethelbert |
Diocese of Hereford | 676 | |
52°03′15″N 2°42′58″W / 52.054292°N 2.716096°W | |||
Leicester Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Martin |
Diocese of Leicester | 1927 | |
former parish church | 52°38′05″N 1°08′13″W / 52.634679°N 1.137053°W | ||
Lichfield Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St Chad |
Diocese of Lichfield | 669–803, 1048 | |
archbishopric 785–803 see moved to Chester 1075 joint with Coventry 1048–1826 The three spires known as The Ladies of the Vale |
52°41′08″N 1°49′49″W / 52.685549°N 1.830270°W | ||
Lincoln Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Mary |
Diocese of Lincoln | 1070 | |
joint with Dorchester, Oxon c.954–1072 translated from Dorchester 1072 |
53°14′04″N 0°32′11″W / 53.234435°N 0.536329°W | ||
Norwich Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity |
Diocese of Norwich | 1094 | |
translated from Thetford; Benedictine priory 1096–1539 | 52°37′54″N 1°18′02″E / 52.631650°N 1.300651°E | ||
Oxford Cathedral The Cathedral Church of Christ, Oxford (Christ Church, University of Oxford) |
Diocese of Oxford | 1542 | |
translated from Osney 1546 convent 727 secular canons 1004 Augustinian priory 1122–1524 formerly dedicated to St Frideswide |
51°45′03″N 1°15′16″W / 51.750839°N 1.254330°W | ||
Peterborough Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Peter, St Paul and St Andrew |
Diocese of Peterborough | 1541 | |
abbey 655 church 1238–1539 |
52°34′20″N 0°14′18″W / 52.572337°N 0.238315°W | ||
Portsmouth Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Thomas of Canterbury |
Diocese of Portsmouth | 1927 | |
former parish church | 50°47′26″N 1°06′15″W / 50.790514°N 1.104233°W | ||
Rochester Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary |
Diocese of Rochester | 604 | |
secular canons 604–1080 Benedictine priory 1080–1540 formerly dedicated to St Andrew |
51°23′20″N 0°30′12″E / 51.388953°N 0.503266°E | ||
St Albans Cathedral Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban |
Diocese of St Albans | 1877 | |
Benedictine abbey 976–1539 | 51°45′02″N 0°20′34″W / 51.750620°N 0.342915°W | ||
St Edmundsbury Cathedral Cathedral Church of St James and St Edmund |
Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich | 1914 | |
former parish church | 52°14′38″N 0°43′01″E / 52.244015°N 0.716944°E | ||
St Paul's Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Paul |
Diocese of London | 1675 | |
replaced previous cathedral 604–1666 (destroyed in Great Fire of London) | 51°30′50″N 0°05′54″W / 51.513774°N 0.098426°W | ||
Salisbury Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary |
Diocese of Salisbury | 1227 | |
translated from Old Sarum | 51°03′53″N 1°47′51″W / 51.064769°N 1.797499°W | ||
Southwark Cathedral Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie |
Diocese of Southwark | 1905 | |
Augustinian priory 1106–1539 | 51°30′22″N 0°05′23″W / 51.506118°N 0.089660°W | ||
Truro Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Mary |
Diocese of Truro | 1880 | |
incorporates former parish church | 50°15′51″N 5°03′04″W / 50.264141°N 5.051179°W | ||
Wells Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Andrew |
Diocese of Bath and Wells | 1239 | |
51°12′37″N 2°38′38″W / 51.210245°N 2.643757°W | |||
Winchester Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, St Peter, St Paul and St Swithun |
Diocese of Winchester | 650 | |
secular canons to 964 Benedictine priory 964–1539 |
51°03′36″N 1°18′44″W / 51.060009°N 1.312180°W | ||
Worcester Cathedral Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary |
Diocese of Worcester | 743 | |
Benedictine priory 969–1540 | 52°11′19″N 2°13′15″W / 52.188510°N 2.220870°W |
Province of York
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Blackburn Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Mary |
Diocese of Blackburn | 1926 | |
former parish church | 53°44′50″N 2°28′53″W / 53.747271°N 2.481387°W | ||
Bradford Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Peter |
Diocese of Leeds Diocese of Bradford (1919–2014) |
1919 | |
former parish church | 53°47′43″N 1°44′52″W / 53.795391°N 1.747824°W | ||
Carlisle Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity |
Diocese of Carlisle | 1113 | |
secular canons to 1092 Augustinian priory 1123–1540 |
54°53′41″N 2°56′19″W / 54.894713°N 2.938607°W | ||
Chester Cathedral Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary |
Diocese of Chester | 1541 | |
convent? to 875 secular canons from 907 |
53°11′31″N 2°53′25″W / 53.191853°N 2.890308°W | ||
Durham Cathedral Cathedral Church of Christ, the Blessed Virgin Mary and St Cuthbert |
Diocese of Durham | 997 | |
secular canons 997 Benedictine priory 1093–1540 |
54°46′23″N 1°34′36″W / 54.773093°N 1.576667°W | ||
Liverpool Cathedral Cathedral Church of Christ |
Diocese of Liverpool | 1904 | |
53°23′51″N 2°58′24″W / 53.397616°N 2.973336°W | |||
Manchester Cathedral Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Mary, St Denys and St George |
Diocese of Manchester | 1847 | |
former collegiate parish church (1421) | 53°29′06″N 2°14′40″W / 53.485103°N 2.244365°W | ||
Newcastle Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Nicholas |
Diocese of Newcastle | 1882 | |
former parish church | 54°58′12″N 1°36′40″W / 54.970101°N 1.611128°W | ||
Peel Cathedral Cathedral Church of St German |
Diocese of Sodor and Man | 1980 | |
former Parish Church, built between 1879 and 1884, spire removed 1907 became cathedral in 1980 after several attempts to restore the ruined cathedral on St Patrick's Isle came to no avail although the diocese is in the Province of York, the Isle of Man is not part of the United Kingdom |
54°13′31″N 4°42′00″W / 54.225353°N 4.699917°W | ||
Ripon Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Peter and St Wilfrid |
Diocese of Leeds Diocese of Ripon (1836–2014; "Ripon and Leeds", 1999–2014) |
1836 | |
monastery pre-660 later collegiate with secular canons (10th century?) |
54°08′06″N 1°31′13″W / 54.134968°N 1.520158°W | ||
Sheffield Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Peter and St Paul |
Diocese of Sheffield | 1914 | |
former parish church | 53°22′59″N 1°28′09″W / 53.383089°N 1.469293°W | ||
Southwell Minster Cathedral and Parish Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary |
Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham | 1884 | |
collegiate with secular canons to 1840 | 53°04′36″N 0°57′15″W / 53.076664°N 0.954180°W | ||
Wakefield Cathedral Cathedral Church of All Saints |
Diocese of Leeds Diocese of Wakefield (1888–2014) |
1888 | |
former parish church | 53°40′59″N 1°29′48″W / 53.682928°N 1.4966847°W | ||
York Minster Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St Peter |
Diocese of York | 627 | |
Mother church of the Province of York | 53°57′45″N 1°04′55″W / 53.962366°N 1.081848°W |
Catholic Church
[edit]Latin Church
[edit]Province of Westminster
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Brentwood Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Helen |
Diocese of Brentwood | 1917 | |
parish church 1861 | 51°37′11″N 0°18′24″E / 51.619625°N 0.306560°E | ||
Norwich Cathedral Cathedral Church of St John the Baptist |
Diocese of East Anglia | 1976 | |
52°37′45″N 1°17′02″E / 52.629104°N 1.283888°E | |||
Northampton Cathedral Cathedral Church of Our Lady and St Thomas of Canterbury |
Diocese of Northampton | 1850 | |
formerly the parish church of St Felix | 52°14′53″N 0°53′55″W / 52.248029°N 0.898486°W | ||
Nottingham Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Barnabas |
Diocese of Nottingham | 1850 | |
52°57′17″N 1°09′26″W / 52.954671°N 1.157097°W | |||
Westminster Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Most Holy Blood, St Mary, St Joseph and St Peter |
Archdiocese of Westminster | 1910 | |
Mother church of the Province of Westminster | 51°29′45″N 0°08′23″W / 51.495923°N 0.139599°W |
Province of Birmingham
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Birmingham Cathedral Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St Chad |
Archdiocese of Birmingham | 1839 | |
Mother church of the Province of Birmingham pro-cathedral 1839–1841 |
52°29′08″N 1°53′55″W / 52.485523°N 1.898714°W | ||
Clifton Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Peter and St Paul |
Diocese of Clifton | 1973 | |
preceded by The Pro-Cathedral of the Apostles | 51°27′35″N 2°36′59″W / 51.459723°N 2.616356°W | ||
Shrewsbury Cathedral Cathedral Church of Our Lady Help of Christians and St Peter Alcantara |
Diocese of Shrewsbury | 1850 | |
52°42′19″N 2°45′14″W / 52.705288°N 2.753993°W |
Province of Liverpool
[edit]Province of Southwark
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, Location |
---|---|---|---|
Arundel Cathedral Cathedral Church of Our Lady and St Philip Howard |
Diocese of Arundel and Brighton | 1965 | |
formerly (to 1971) dedicated to Our Lady and St Philip Neri | 50°51′19″N 0°33′33″W / 50.855161°N 0.559069°W | ||
Plymouth Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface |
Diocese of Plymouth | 1858 | |
50°22′25″N 4°09′06″W / 50.373672°N 4.151628°W | |||
Portsmouth Cathedral Cathedral Church of St John the Evangelist |
Diocese of Portsmouth | 1882 | |
50°48′01″N 1°05′38″W / 50.800415°N 1.093998°W | |||
Southwark Cathedral Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St George |
Archdiocese of Southwark | 1850 | |
Mother church of the Province of Southwark | 51°29′52″N 0°06′28″W / 51.497830°N 0.107878°W |
Bishopric of the Forces
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Aldershot Cathedral Cathedral Church of St Michael and St George |
Bishopric of the Forces | 1972 | |
Cathedral built by Sir Robert Lorimer 1892/3 initially for the Anglican chaplaincies of the British Army | 51°15′36″N 0°45′36″W / 51.260035°N 0.760117°W |
Diocese of Gibraltar
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Gibraltar Cathedral Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned |
Diocese of Gibraltar | 1462 | |
36°08′23″N 5°21′13″W / 36.139672°N 5.35366°W |
Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham
[edit]N.B. The Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham, a diocese-like structure under canon law, is currently headed by a married man, who is therefore an ordinary but not a bishop; hence the central church of the Ordinariate is not technically a cathedral. However, it will be a cathedral whenever the ordinary is a bishop. It is therefore included here. The Cathedral of Our Lady of Walsingham (Houston) is in the same position.
Image | Name and dedication | Ordinariate | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
The central church of the Ordinariate of our Lady of Walsingham Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Gregory |
Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham | 2013 as the central church of the Ordinariate 1928 as a parish church. | |
51°30′40″N 0°08′17″W / 51.51123°N 0.13792°W |
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
[edit]Eparchy of the Holy Family of London
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
London Cathedral Cathedral Church of the Holy Family in Exile |
Eparchy of Holy Family of London | 1968 | |
former Congregational church (the "King's Weigh House" Congregational Church) | 51°30′48″N 0°09′02″W / 51.513443°N 0.150644°W [1] |
Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
[edit]Eparchy of Great Britain
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Syro-Malabar Cathedral of St. Alphonsa, Preston Cathedral Church of St Alphonsa |
Eparchy of Great Britain | 2016 | |
formerly St Ignatius' Church | 53°45′49″N 2°41′48″W / 53.7637°N 2.6967°W |
Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Churches
[edit]Antiochian Orthodox Church
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
London Cathedral NW1 Cathedral Church of St George |
Diocese of Western Europe | 1989 | |
1a Redhill Street, NW1 4BG formerly Christ Church parish church (Church of England) |
51°31′49″N 0°08′40″W / 51.530273°N 0.144335°W |
Coptic Orthodox Church
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
St. George's Cathedral, Stevenage Cathedral Church of St George |
Diocese of London | 2002 | |
51°53′11″N 0°10′48″W / 51.8862514°N 0.1798931°W | |||
Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
St. Mary & Archangel Michael's Cathedral, Solihull St. Mary & Archangel Michael Coptic Orthodox Cathedral |
Diocese of the Midlands | 2015 | |
52°25′16″N 1°46′31″W / 52.4209899°N 1.7753738°W |
Greek Orthodox Church
[edit]Russian Orthodox Church
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
London Orthodox Cathedral SW7 Cathedral Church of the Dormition and All Saints |
Diocese of Sourozh | ||
Ennismore Gardens, SW7 1NH | 51°30′02″N 0°10′09″W / 51.500597°N 0.169121°W | ||
London Orthodox Cathedral W4 Cathedral of the Dormition of the Most Holy Mother of God and Holy Royal Martyrs |
Diocese of Great Britain and Ireland (ROCOR) | 1999 | |
57 Harvard Road, Hounslow, W4 4ED | 51°29′23″N 0°16′34″W / 51.4896539°N 0.2760637°W |
Syriac Orthodox Church
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
St Thomas' Cathedral, East Acton Cathedral Church of Saint Thomas |
2012 | ||
7 Armstrong Road, London W3 7JL | 51°30′30″N 0°14′47″W / 51.508367°N 0.246254°W |
Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
London Cathedral W3 Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Cathedral of the Holy Transfiguration of our Saviour |
|||
1a Newton Avenue, London, W3 8AJ | 51°30′15″N 0°16′07″W / 51.504140°N 0.268588°W |
Georgian Orthodox Church
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Stamford Hill Cathedral, London N16: from 2011 onwards, the Georgian Orthodox Cathedral Church of the Nativity of Our Lord Previous name (1956–2007): Cathedral of the Good Shepherd. Original name: Church of the Ark of the Covenant, or Abode of Love. |
|||
Rookwood Road, Stamford Hill, London N16 6SS Built originally (1892–1895) as "Church of the Ark of the Covenant" for the Agapemonites (the Abode of Love) but probably not actively used by them after the 1920s. |
51°34′24″N 0°04′00″W / 51.5733797°N 0.0667173°W |
Other churches
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Pro-Cathedral Church of St Augustine of Canterbury | Diocese of the United Kingdom | 2008 | |
Eastling Road, Painters Forstal, Kent ME13 0DU[1] | 51°17′39″N 0°51′24″E / 51.2941°N 0.8568°E |
Holy Catholic Church (Western Rite)
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Our Lady of Grace Cathedral, Stoke-on-Trent Cathedral Church of Our Lady of Grace |
|||
Newport Lane, Stoke-on-Trent, ST6 3NA former Methodist church, translated from Madeley Heath |
53°02′20″N 2°12′15″W / 53.038860°N 2.204132°W |
Liberal Catholic Church is term that covers groups within the Independent Catholicism movement.
Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established, location |
---|---|---|---|
Putney Cathedral Pro-Cathedral Church of All Saints |
|||
pro-cathedral | 51°27′41″N 0°13′13″W / 51.461387°N 0.220346°W |
Traditional Anglican Church in England
[edit]Image | Name and dedication | Diocese | Established,
location |
---|---|---|---|
St. Gilbert's Cathedral
107-115 Newark Road. Lincoln, LN5 8NQ[2] |
See also
[edit]- Lists of cathedrals – lists by country
- List of cathedrals in Ireland
- List of cathedrals in Scotland
- List of cathedrals in Wales
- List of abbeys and priories in the United Kingdom
- List of abbeys and priories in the Republic of Ireland
- List of tallest church buildings
- Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England
- Religion in the United Kingdom
- Parish Church of St Helier (Pro-Cathedral of the Channel Islands)
- List of former cathedrals in Great Britain
- Minster
Footnotes
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ "Church of St Augustine of Canterbury". Anglican Catholic Church. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ "Traditional Anglican Church in Britain draft site: Parishes". thetraditionalanglicanchurchinbritain.org.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
References
[edit]This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (July 2019) |
- Edwards, David L. (1989) The Cathedrals of Britain. Norwich: Pitkin Pictorials [ISBN missing]
- Marlow, Peter (2015). The English Cathedral (New compact ed.). London and New York: Merrell. ISBN 9781858946429.
- New, Anthony S. B. (1972) The Observer's Book of Cathedrals. London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- Pepin, David (1994) Discovering Cathedrals. Aylesbury: Shire Publications [ISBN missing]
- Platten, Stephen (1999) Cathedrals & Abbeys of England. Norwich: Jarrold [ISBN missing]
- Thorold, Henry (1986) Collins Guide To Cathedrals, Abbeys and Priories of England and Wales. London: Collins [ISBN missing]
- BBC (2012) England's lesser-known Cathedrals. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/0/19077358
External links
[edit]- Media related to Cathedrals in England at Wikimedia Commons