Jump to content

Nestlé

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Nestle" redirects here. For other uses, see Nestle (disambiguation).

Nestlé S.A.
Formerly
List
    • Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1866–1867)
    • Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867–1905)
    • Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905–1947)
    • Nestlé Alimentana SA (1947–1977)
Company typePublic
SIX: NESN
ISINCH0038863350
IndustryFood processing
PredecessorHollandia Edit this on Wikidata
Founded1866; 158 years ago (1866) (for the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company branch)
FounderHenri Nestlé (for the Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé branch)
HeadquartersVevey, Switzerland
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
BrandsList of Nestlé brands
RevenueDecrease CHF 92.998 billion (2023)[3]
Increase CHF 14.520 billion (2023)[3]
Increase CHF 11.209 billion (2023)[3]
Total assetsDecrease CHF 126.550 billion (2023)[3]
Total equityDecrease CHF 36.387 billion (2023)[3]
Number of employees
270,000 (2023)[3]
SubsidiariesCereal Partners Worldwide (50%)
Websitenestle.com
Footnotes / references
[3][4]

Nestlé S.A.[a] (/ˈnɛsleɪ, -li, -əl/ NESS-lay, -⁠lee, -⁠əl,[5] French: [nɛsle], German: [ˈnɛstlə] ⓘ) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It has been the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014.[6][7][8] It ranked No. 64 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2017.[9] In 2023, the company was ranked 50th in the Forbes Global 2000.[10]

Nestlé's products include coffee and tea, candy and confectionery, bottled water, infant formula and baby food, dairy products and ice cream, frozen foods, breakfast cereals, dry packaged foods and snacks, pet foods, and medical food. Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over 1 billion CHF (about US$1.1 billion),[11] including Nespresso, Nescafé, Kit Kat, Smarties, Nesquik, Stouffer's, Vittel, and Maggi. Nestlé has 447 factories, operates in 189 countries, and employs around 339,000 people.[12] It is one of the main shareholders of L'Oreal, the world's largest cosmetics company.[13]

Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of the "Anglo-Swiss Milk Company", which was established in 1866 by brothers George and Charles Page, and "Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé" founded in 1867 by Henri Nestlé.[14] The company grew significantly during World War I and again following World War II, expanding its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including Crosse & Blackwell in 1960, Findus in 1963, Libby's in 1971, Rowntree Mackintosh in 1988, Klim in 1998, and Gerber in 2007.

The company has been associated with various controversies, facing criticism and boycotts over its marketing of baby formula as an alternative to breastfeeding in developing countries (where clean water may be scarce), its reliance on child labour in cocoa production, and its production and promotion of bottled water.

History

1866–1900: Founding and early years

Henri Nestlé (1814–1890), a German-born Swiss confectioner, was the founder of Nestlé and one of the main creators of condensed milk.

Nestlé's origin dates back to the 1860s when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestlé. In the following decades, the two competing enterprises expanded their businesses throughout Europe and the United States.[15]

Timeline

  • 1866: Charles Page (US consul to Switzerland) and George Page, brothers from Lee County, Illinois established the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Cham, Switzerland. The company's first British operation was opened at Chippenham, Wiltshire in 1873.[16][17]
  • 1867: In Vevey, Switzerland, Henri Nestlé developed milk-based baby food and soon began marketing it. The following year, Daniel Peter began seven years of work perfecting the milk chocolate manufacturing process. Nestlé had the solution Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate, thus preventing the product from developing mildew.
  • 1875: Henri Nestlé retired; the company, under new ownership, retained his name as Société Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé.[citation needed][18]
  • 1877: Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its products; in the following year, the Nestlé Company added condensed milk to its portfolio, which made the firms direct rivals.
  • 1879: Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter.[19]
  • 1890: Henri Nestlé died.

1901–1989: Mergers

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Henri Nestlé and his successors participated in the development of the chocolate industry in Switzerland, together with the Peter, Kohler, and Cailler families.[20] In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler (son of Charles-Amédée Kohler who founded a chocolate factory in 1830) became partners and founded the Société générale suisse des chocolats Peter et Kohler réunis. In 1911, the company created by Peter and Kohler merged with Cailler.[21] Alexandre Cailler (grandson of François-Louis Cailler) had founded a chocolate factory in Broc in 1898, still used by Nestlé today; which enabled the production of milk chocolate on a large scale. In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler, Chocolats Suisses finally merged with the Nestlé group.[22][23] An earlier alliance in 1904 between Peter and Nestlé also allowed the production of milk chocolate in the United States, at the Fulton plant.[24]

In 1905, Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, retaining that name until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits Maggi SA (founded 1884) and its holding company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. The company's current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.[25] The First World War created a demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and by the end of the war, Nestlé's production had more than doubled.[citation needed]

A 1915 advertisement for "Nestlés Food", an early infant formula
Certificate for 100 shares of the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., issued 1. November 1918

In January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants in Oregon from the company Geibisch and Joplin for $250,000. One was in Bandon, while the other was in Milwaukie. They expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon plant.[26]

Aleppo Nestlé building Tilal street 1920s

After the World War I, government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second most important activity; white chocolate was created in the following decade. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by Édouard Muller till his death in 1948.

Nestlé felt the effects of the Second World War immediately. Profits dropped from US$20 million in 1938 to US$6 million in 1939.[27] Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America.[28] Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product, Nescafé ("Nestlé's Coffee"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Despite that, Nestlé actually supplied both sides in the war: the company had a contract to feed the German army. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy.[28]

The logo that Nestlé used from 1938 to 1966[29]

The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with Maggi, a manufacturer of seasonings and soups. Crosse & Blackwell followed in 1950, as did Findus (1963), Libby's (1971), and Stouffer's (1973).[30] Diversification came under chairman & CEO Pierre Liotard-Vogt with a shareholding in L'Oreal in 1974 and the acquisition of Alcon Laboratories Inc. in 1977 for $280 million.[30]

In the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the company to launch further acquisitions. Carnation was acquired for US$3 billion in 1984 and brought the evaporated milk brand, as well as Coffee-Mate and Friskies, to Nestlé. In 1986, the company founded Nestlé Nespresso S.A. The British confectionery company Rowntree Mackintosh was acquired in 1988 for $4.5 billion, which brought brands such as Kit Kat, Rolo, Smarties, and Aero.[31]

1990–2011: International growth

The first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996, there have been various acquisitions, including San Pellegrino (1997), D'Onofrio (1997), Spillers Petfoods (1998), and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002 – in June, Nestlé merged its US ice cream business into Dreyer's, and in August, a US$2.6 billion acquisition was announced of Chef America, the creator of Hot Pockets. In the same time-frame, Nestlé entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the American company Hershey's, one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal eventually fell through.[32]

In December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240 million.[33] In January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer's, thus becoming the world's largest ice cream maker, with a 17.5% market share.[34] In June 2006, Nestlé purchased weight-loss company Jenny Craig for US$600 million.[35] In July 2007, completing a deal announced the year before, Nestlé acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for US$2.5 billion and also acquiring the milk-flavoring product known as Ovaltine, the "Boost" and "Resource" lines of nutritional supplements, and Optifast dieting products.[36]

The Brazilian president, Lula da Silva, inaugurates a factory in Feira de Santana (Bahia), in February 2007.

In April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturer Gerber for US$5.5 billion.[37][38][39] In December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker, Pierre Marcolini.[40]

Nestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake in Alcon to Novartis on 4 January 2010. The sale was to form part of a broader US$39.3 billion offer by Novartis for full acquisition of the world's largest eye-care company.[41] On March 2, 2010, Nestlé completed the purchase of Kraft Foods's North American frozen pizza business for US$3.7 billion, which included brands such as DiGiorno, Tombstone, and California Pizza Kitchen.[42][43]

Since 2010, Nestlé has been working to transform itself into a nutrition, health and wellness company in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding government regulation of such foods. This effort is being led through the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The institute aims to develop "a new industry between food and pharmaceuticals" by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that would replace pharmaceutical drugs from pill bottles. The Health Science branch has already produced several products, such as drinks and protein shakes meant to combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases.[44]

It acquired British pharmaceutical company Vitaflo, which makes clinical nutritional products for people with genetic disorders, in August 2010.[45] In July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about US$1.7 billion.[46] On 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquire Pfizer Inc.'s infant-nutrition, formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for US$11.9 billion, topping a joint bid from Danone and Mead Johnson.[47][48][49]

2012–present

In recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions: CM&D Pharma Ltd., a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops kiwifruit-based food products as of 2012.[50]

Nestlé sold its Jenny Craig business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013.[51] In February 2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes, and memory loss.[52] In February 2014, Nestlé sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc.[53] Later, in November 2014, Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.[54]

In December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That year, Nestlé spent about $350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development (SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and later others in North America, Asia, and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as Intel and Bank of America.[55]

In January 2017, Nestlé announced that it was relocating its US headquarters from Glendale, California, to Rosslyn, Virginia, outside of Washington, DC.[56]

In March 2017, Nestlé announced that they will lower the sugar content in Kit Kat, Yorkie and Aero chocolate bars by 10% by 2018.[57] In July, a similar announcement followed concerning the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK.[58]

The company announced a $20.8 billion share buyback in June 2017, following the publication of a letter written by Third Point Management founder Daniel S. Loeb, Nestlé's fourth-largest stakeholder with a $3.5 billion stake,[59] explaining how the firm should change its business structure.[60] Consequently, the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health-care industry.[60]

In 2016, Nestlé and PAI Partners establish a joint venture, Froneri, to combine the two companies' ice cream activities throughout Europe and other international countries.[61]

In July 2017, Nestlé introduced a new type of infant formula in Spain, containing two human milk oligosaccharides.[62] Oligosaccharides are the third most abundant components of breast milk with various health benefits, but previously were not part of infant formula.

In September 2017, Nestlé S.A. acquired a majority stake of Blue Bottle Coffee.[63] While the deal's financial details were not disclosed, the Financial Times reported "Nestlé is understood to be paying up to $500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle".[64]

In September 2017, Nestlé USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a California-based producer of plant-based foods, for an undisclosed sum.[65]

In January 2018, Nestlé USA announced it was selling its US confectionary business to Ferrara Candy Company, an Italian chocolate and candy maker and Ferrero-related company.[66] The company was sold for a total of an estimated $2.8 billion.[66]

In May 2018, it was announced that Nestlé and Starbucks struck a $7.15 billion distribution deal, which allows Nestlé to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand's coffee varieties into Nestlé's proprietary single-serve system, expanding the overseas markets for both companies.[67]

Nestlé set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy brands in January 2018. However, sales grew only 2.4% in 2017, and as of July 2018, the share price declined more than 8%. While some suggestions were adopted, Loeb said in a July 2018 letter that the shifts are too small and too slow. In a statement, Nestlé wrote that it was "delivering results" and listed actions it had taken, including investing in key brands and its global coffee partnership with Starbucks. However, activist investors disagreed, leading Third Point Management to launch NestleNOW, a website to push its case with recommendations calling for change, accusing Nestlé of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to be. Activist investors called for Nestlé to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board.[68][69]

In September 2018, Nestlé announced that it would sell Gerber Life Insurance for $1.55 billion.[70][71]

In October 2018, Nestlé announced the launch of the Nestlé Alumni Network, through a strategic partnership with SAP & EnterpriseAlumni, to engage with their over 1 million alumni globally.[72]

In 2019, the company announced that it would publish Nutri-Score on all of its products sold in the European countries that supported the nutritional label.[73]

In 2020, Nestlé USA's and Nestlé Canada's ice cream divisions were acquired by Froneri.[74] Also during that year, Nestlé announced that the company wants to invest in plant-based food, starting with a "tuna salad" and meat-free products to engage and reach younger and vegan consumers.[75]

Nestle is expanding manufacturing capacity in India and increasing investments — the company will invest between ₹60-65 billion ($723–783 million) from 2020 to 2025.[76]

On 16 February 2021, Nestlé announced that it had agreed to sell its water brands in the US and Canada to One Rock Capital Partners and Metropoulos & Co. The sale would include the spring water and mountain brands, the purified water brand and the delivery service. The plan did not include the Perrier, S.Pellegrino and Acqua Panna brands.[77][78] In early April 2021, the sale was concluded.[79]

The COVID-19 pandemic did not affect Nestlé negatively. Due to lockdowns, people bought more packaged foods, not only coffee and dairy products, but also pet products, which increased the company's sales. Nestlé is recording its strongest quarterly sales growth in 10 years.[80]

In April 2021, Nestlé agreed to purchase the vitamin manufacturing Bountiful Company, formerly known as The Nature's Bounty Co., for $5.75 billion, noting as well that much of the company's[which?] growth that quarter came from "vitamins, minerals, and supplements that support health and the immune system". Bountiful's brands included Nature's Bounty, Solgar, Osteo Bi-Flex, and Puritan's Pride.[81][82][83]

In July 2021, Vitaflo International Ltd. (subsidiary to Nestlé Health Science since 2010) acquired the Dr. Schär brands, Mevalia and ComidaMed, which are used for the dietary management of IEM and cow’s milk protein allergy to complement Vitaflo’s existing IEM product portfolio.[84]

In January 2022, Nestlé will pay cocoa farmers cash if they send their children to school.[85]

In May 2022, it was announced Nestlé's Health Science unit had acquired the Brazilian organic, natural, plant-based food maker Puravida.[86]

In May 2022, Nestlé was sending baby formula supplies to the U.S. from European air bases to ease the 2022 United States infant formula shortage. These relief shipments included products from the Gerber baby food formula brand from the Netherlands and Alfamino baby formula from Switzerland.[87]

In September 2023, it was announced Nestlé had acquired a majority stake in the Extrema, Minas Gerais-headquartered premium chocolate manufacturer, Grupo CRM for an undisclosed amount.[88]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the company continued doing business in Russia; therefore in November 2023, Ukraine's National Agency on Corruption Prevention listed Nestlé as an International Sponsor of War. Nestle stated that it had already "halted all non-essential imports and exports to and from Russia".[89]

In August 2024, Nestlé announced Schneider would leave his position as CEO and be replaced by Laurent Freixe on September 1, 2024.[90]

Corporate affairs and governance

Nestlé Japan headquarters in Nestlé House building, Kobe, Japan
Nestlé USA headquarters at 1812 N Moore in Arlington, Virginia

Capital ownership of Nestlé by country of origin as of 2023:[91]

  Switzerland (46.6%)
  United States (31.2%)
  All others (22.2%)

Nestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 231 billion Swiss francs, which is more than US$247 billion as of May 2015.[92] Nestlé has a primary listing on the SIX Swiss Exchange and is a constituent of the Swiss Market Index. It previously had a secondary listing on Euronext.

In 2014, consolidated sales were CHF 91.61 billion and net profit was CHF 14.46 billion. Research and development investment was CHF 1.63 billion.[93]

  • Sales per category in CHF[94][12]
    • 20.3 billion powdered and liquid beverages
    • 16.7 billion milk products and ice cream
    • 13.5 billion prepared dishes and cooking aids
    • 13.1 billion nutrition and health science
    • 11.3 billion pet care
    • 9.6 billion confectionery
    • 6.9 billion water
  • Percentage of sales by geographic area breakdown[94][12]
    • 43% from Americas
    • 28% from Europe
    • 29% from Asia, Oceania and Africa

According to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlé has a reputation score of 74.5 on a scale of 1 to 100.[95]

Financial data

Financial data in billions of CHF[96]
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Revenue 83.642 92.186 92.158 91.612 88.785 89.469 89.791 91.439 92.568 84.343 87.088
Net income 9.487 10.611 10.015 14.456 9.066 8.531 7.183 10.135 12.609 12.232 17.196
Assets 114.091 126.229 120.442 133.450 123.992 131.901 130.380 137.015 127.940 124.028 139.142
Employees 328,000 339,000 333,000 339,000 335,000 328,000 323,000 308,000 291,000 273,000 276,000

Joint ventures

Joint ventures include:

CEO

Chief executive officer:[103]

Board of directors

As of 2017, the board is composed of:[104]

Lobbying

The company engages third party lobbying firms to engage with parliaments and governments in various jurisdictions. For example, in South Australia the company engages Etched Communications.[105] In the US, Nestlé has a strong influence in Washington, D.C. From 2015 to 2020 their average spend on lobbying was $1,951,667 each year.[106]

Products

Main article: List of Nestlé brands
Samples of Nestlé Toll House Cafe items in 2012

Nestlé currently has over 2,000 brands[107][108] with a wide range of products across a number of markets, including coffee, bottled water, milkshakes and other beverages, breakfast cereals, infant foods, performance and healthcare nutrition, seasonings, soups and sauces, frozen and refrigerated foods, and pet food.[12] In 2019, the company entered the plant-based food production business with its Incredible and Awesome Burgers (under the Garden Gourmet and Sweet Earth brands). In 2020, Nestlé announced additional plant-based products including soy-based bratwurst and chorizo-like sausages.[109]

Sponsorships

Music and entertainment

In 1993, plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone of Walt Disney's EPCOT Center, including a major refurbishment of The Land pavilion. Kraft Foods withdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993, with Nestlé taking its place. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993.[110] In 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of The Land; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. Nestlé stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009.[111]

On 5 August 2010, Nestlé and the Beijing Music Festival signed an agreement to extend by three years Nestlé's sponsorship of this international music festival. Nestlé has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013.[112]

Nestlé has partnered the Salzburg Festival in Austria for 20 years. In 2011, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of the Salzburg Festival until 2015.[113]

Together, they have created the "Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award", an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers.[114]

Sports

Nestlé's sponsorship of the Tour de France began in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move which demonstrated the company's interest in the Tour. In July 2009, Nestlé Waters and the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestlé's product portfolio: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik, or Ricore.[115]

On 27 January 2012, the International Association of Athletics Federations announced that Nestlé will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programme, which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports. The five-year sponsorship started in January 2012.[116] On 11 February 2016, Nestlé decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programmes because of doping and corruption allegations against the IAAF. Nestlé followed suit after other large sponsors, including Adidas, also stopped supporting the IAAF.[117]

In 2014, Nestlé Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand.[118] In 2002, Nestlé announced it was main sponsor for the Great Britain Lionesses Women's rugby league team for the team's second tour of Australia with its Munchies product.[119]

Nestlé supports the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts, funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain.[120]

Corporate social responsibility

In March 2011, Nestlé became the first infant formula company to meet the FTSE4Good Index criteria in full.[121]

In 2021, recycling startup, Carbios, released a press release that showed a prototype of a food-grade PET plastic bottle made from enzymatically recycled plastic. The press release said Nestle (along with other companies) could manufacture these bottles using the Carbios technology. As of September 2024, however, it is unclear whether Nestle ever transitioned to these recycled materials beyond the prototype.[122][123]

Nestlé created the Creating Shared Value Prize, which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach. These initiatives should take a business-oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition, water or rural development. The winner can win up to CHF 500,000. Nestlé was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum, the Creating Shared Value Global Forum.[124][125]

Rural Development Framework program: In 2012, Nestlé developed the Rural Development Framework, which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities.[126] It is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure, increasing access to safe water, address financing and market efficiency gaps, and improving labor conditions.[127]

Awards

Year Brand Award Result
2010 Nestlé Purina Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Won
2010 — IUoFST Gold Food Industry Award[128] Won
2011 — World Environment Center Gold Medal Award Won
2014 — Henry Spira Corporate Progress Award Won

Controversies and criticisms

Main article: Controversies of Nestlé

Nestlé is involved in many significant controversies due to Nestlé's reported use of

  • incidents of contaminated and infested food products,
  • actively spreading disinformation about recycling,
  • illegal water-pumping from drought-striken Native American reservations,
  • preventing access to non-bottled water in impoverished countries,
  • price fixing,
  • slavery,
  • child labor,
  • extensive union-busting activity, and
  • deforestation.

Baby formula marketing

Concern about Nestlé's "aggressive marketing" of their breast milk substitutes, particularly in less economically developed countries (LEDCs), first arose in the 1970s.[129] Critics have accused Nestlé of discouraging mothers from breastfeeding and suggesting that their baby formula is healthier than breastfeeding.[130] This led to a boycott in the United States and Europe.[131][132]

Slavery and child labour

Multiple reports have documented the widespread use of child labour in cocoa production, as well as slavery and child trafficking, throughout West African plantations, on which Nestlé and other major chocolate companies rely.[133][134][135][136][137]

Food safety

In late September 2008, the Hong Kong government found melamine in a Chinese-made Nestlé milk product. Six infants died from kidney damage, and a further 860 babies were hospitalised.[138][139]

In June 2009, an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 was linked to Nestlé's refrigerated cookie dough originating in a plant in Danville, Virginia.[140]

In May 2015, food safety regulators from the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, found that samples of Nestlé India's Maggi noodles had up to 17 times more than the permissible safe amount of lead, in addition to monosodium glutamate.[141][142][143]

Water

At the second World Water Forum in 2000, Nestlé and other corporations persuaded the World Water Council to change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a "right" to a "need". Nestlé continues to take control of aquifers and bottle their water for profit.[144]

A coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlé to the Advertising Standards of Canada after Nestlé took out full-page advertisements in October 2008 with messages claiming, "Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled", "Nestlé Pure Life is a healthy, eco-friendly choice", and, "Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world."[145][146][147]

Turkish parliament

The Grand National Assembly of Turkey announced that Nestlé products (as well as some other products) will not be sold in restaurants, cafeterias and tea houses in the parliament campus. They said that this was a response to the manufacturers' support for Israel, but they did not identify anything the companies had actually done.[148]

See also

Competitors

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Not to be confused with Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., the group's intellectual property-holding subsidiary

References

  1. ^ a b "Management". Nestlé. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  2. ^ "Mr. David McDaniel" (PDF). nestle.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Consolidated Financial Statements of the Nestlé Group 2023" (PDF). Nestle. 16 February 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  4. ^ "Consolidated Financial Statements of the Nestlé Group 2021" (PDF). Nestle. 17 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  5. ^ "1978 Milky Bar commercial". YouTube (published 31 August 2012). 1978. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  6. ^ "Nestlé's Brabeck: We have a 'huge advantage' over big pharma in creating medical foods" Archived 10 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, CNN Money, 1 April 2011
  7. ^ "Nestlé: The unrepentant chocolatier" Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The Economist, 29 October 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012
  8. ^ "Nestlé tops list of largest food companies in the world". Forbes. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  9. ^ "Fortune Global 500 List 2017: See Who Made It". Fortune. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  10. ^ "The Global 2000 2023". Forbes. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  11. ^ "Nestlé: Tailoring products to local niches" Archived 9 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine CNN, 2 July 2010.
  12. ^ a b c d "Annual Results 2014" (PDF). Nestlé. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  13. ^ "Nestlé to Decide on L’Oreal in 2014, Chairman Brabeck Says" Archived 8 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Bloomberg, 14 April 2011
  14. ^ "The History of Nestlé". Cleverism. 3 September 2015. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  15. ^ Mowbray, Sean (13 May 2017). "A Brief History of the Nestlé Brand". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  16. ^ 'Other industries', A History of the County of Wiltshire Archived 21 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine: Volume 4 (1959), pp. 220–253. Retrieved 14 August 2010
  17. ^ "Nestle SA | History, Headquarters, & Subsidiaries". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  18. ^ "Henri Nestlé: the man behind the global enterprise | House of Switzerland". houseofswitzerland.org. 17 September 2018.
  19. ^ Stradley, Linda (3 November 2015). "Milk Chocolate History". What's Cooking America. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  20. ^ HPatrick (3 January 2016). "Swiss Chocolate Brands". Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  21. ^ "About Cailler". Cailler. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. 1911: As the chocolate industry booms, the companies Peter (managed by Daniel Peter) and Kohler, which were already partners, merge with Cailler.
  22. ^ Chrystal, Paul (2021). "The Cocoa and Chocolate Competition at the Start of the Twentieth Century". Rowntree's – The Early History. Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 9781526778901. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler became partners and founded the company Société Générale Suisse de Chocolats Peter et Kohler Réunis. [...] In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler and Chocolats Suisses S. A. all merged with the Nestlé group.
  23. ^ Candy and Snack Industry: Volume 145, Issues 1-6. Magazines for Industry, Incorporated. 1980. pp. 28–29. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. The Nestlé S.A. facility in Broc, Switzerland, is steeped in the tradition of fine chocolate manufacturing as a company that has played an important part in industry history. [...] Cailler brand and his signature is still embossed on chocolate. In Switzerland, Cailler is the leading chocolate brand. Charles-Amedee Kohler (1790-1874) began producing chocolate in 1830. The Kohler firm later merged with that of Daniel Peter. Daniel Peter (1836-1919), who became the son-in-law of Francois Louis Cailler, assured his place in chocolate industry history with his invention in 1875 of milk chocolate. Henri Nestlé had first become an important manufacturer of milk products. Among his accomplishments was the development of a process to produce condensed milk which would be used in the making of milk chocolate. It wasn't until 1929 that these pioneering companies agreed to merge, but the plant at Broc had been built by the Cailler family in 1898. The selection of a site in Broc was made deliberately to locate it in Switzerland's picturesque Gruyere region, renowned for its fine milk production.
  24. ^ Lacey, Darlene (2013). Classic Candy: America's Favorite Sweets, 1950–80. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 9780747813651. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. In 1899, the people of Fulton, New York, saw the potential of this [milk chocolate] industry and raised money to purchase land for a Peter's Chocolate manufacturing plant. In 1904, Peter's Chocolate and Nestle formed an alliance, and Nestle's domestic production began.
  25. ^ "History of Nestlé". www.englishteastore.com. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  26. ^ Blakely, Joe (2003). "Oregon Places: The Nestlé Condensary in Bandon". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 104 (4). Oregon Historical Society: 566–577. doi:10.1353/ohq.2003.0004. JSTOR 20615370. S2CID 245852881.
  27. ^ "1938 - 1944". nestle-cwa.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  28. ^ a b Owles, Eric (27 June 2017). "How Nestlé Expanded Beyond the Kitchen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  29. ^ "The Nestlé logo evolution". Nestle.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  30. ^ a b "Nestle International Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay". UKEssays.com. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  31. ^ Ap (24 June 1988). "Rowntree Accepts Bid By Nestle". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  32. ^ "The inside story of the Cadbury takeover". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  33. ^ "Nestlé To Acquire Greek-Based Delta Ice Cream". Nestlé Global. 19 December 2005. Archived from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  34. ^ "Nestlé takes world ice cream lead". BBC News. 19 January 2006. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
  35. ^ "Jenny Craig Brings 5 Times Its Price in '02". The New York Times. 20 June 2006. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 12 March 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  36. ^ "Nestlé completes takeover of Novartis food unit – SWI swissinfo.ch". SWI – the international service of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation. 2 July 2007. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  37. ^ "Nestlé to buy Gerber for $5.5B". CNN. 12 April 2007. Archived from the original on 17 April 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  38. ^ "Novartis completes its business portfolio restructuring, divesting Gerber for USD 5.5 billion to Nestlé". Novartis. 12 April 2007. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  39. ^ "Media releases". Novartis.com. 3 September 2007. Archived from the original on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
  40. ^ (Press release) Nestlé enters into strategic partnership with Belgian luxury chocolate maker Pierre Marcolini Archived 20 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Nestlé retrieved from it 23 March 2011.
  41. ^ Thomasson, Emma (4 January 2010). "Novartis seeks to buy rest of Alcon for $39 billion". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 January 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  42. ^ Cage, Sam (4 January 2010). "Nestle buys Kraft pizza business for $3.7 billion". reuters.com.
  43. ^ "Nestlé completes acquisition of Kraft Foods' frozen pizza business". nestle.com. 2 March 2010.
  44. ^ Campbell, Matthew; Gretler, Corinne (5 May 2016). "Nestlé Wants to Sell You Both Sugary Snacks and Diabetes Pills". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  45. ^ "Nestlé to enter global market for clinical nutrition products". www.nestle.com. 2 August 2010. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  46. ^ "Nestlé to Buy 60% Stake in Hsu Fu Chi for .7 Billion". Bloomberg. 11 July 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  47. ^ "Nestlé to Acquire Pfizer Baby Food Unit for $11.9 Billion" Archived 30 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Bloomberg, 23 April 2012
  48. ^ "Mead Johnson looks tasty, but Abbott may have to pass". Crain's Chicago Business. 13 March 2014. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  49. ^ "Nestlé to buy Pfizer Nutrition for $11.85bn". NewStatesman. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  50. ^ "Nestle Acquires Stake in "Brain Food" Company". LA Weekly. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  51. ^ Rizzo, Lillian (16 July 2014). "PE Deals for Weight Loss Brands Face Shifting Diet Demographics". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  52. ^ "Nestlé buys Louisiana depression food firm". Nutra. 27 February 2013. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  53. ^ "Nestlé Sells PowerBar Brand". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  54. ^ "Nestlé Explores Sale of Frozen Food Unit Davigel". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  55. ^ "Nestle invests more in skin care strategy with 10 research centers". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  56. ^ "Nestle Nestlé to Move U.S. Headquarters to Rosslyn". ArlNow. Archived from the original on 1 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  57. ^ "Kit Kat sugar content to be cut by 10%, says Nestle". BBC News. 8 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  58. ^ "Shreddies are about to get a lot healthier". The Independent. 4 July 2017. Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  59. ^ "Nestle plans $20.8 billion share buyback amid Third Point pressure". Reuters. 27 June 2017. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  60. ^ a b Chaudhuri, Saabira; Blackstone, Brian (27 June 2017). "Nestlé Plans Share Buyback After Pressure From Third Point". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  61. ^ "Nestlé and R&R to create Froneri, an ice cream and frozen food joint venture". Nestlé Global. 27 April 2016. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  62. ^ dairyreporter.com (4 July 2017). "Nestlé Spain develops first infant formula with two breast milk oligosaccharides". dairyreporter.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  63. ^ "Nestle Is Said to Pay $425 Million to Buy Blue Bottle Coffee". Bloombery Business. 14 September 2017. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  64. ^ Atkins, Ralph; Bradshaw, Tim (14 September 2017). "Nestlé breaks into US hipster coffee market with Blue Bottle deal". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  65. ^ "Nestlé agrees to acquire plant-based food brand Sweet Earth". Food Bev Media. 7 September 2017. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  66. ^ a b "Nestle is selling its U.S. candy business to Ferrero for about $2.8 billion". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  67. ^ "Nestlé And Starbucks Agree To A $7B Distribution Deal, But Will It Work In The Long Term? Archived 7 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine" Forbes Big Business. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  68. ^ "Loeb pressures Nestle for more sales, restructuring". Reuters. 2 July 2018. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  69. ^ Mullen, Jethro (2 July 2018). "Nestle: Hedge fund billionaire Dan Loeb slams 'muddled' strategy". Money.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  70. ^ Scism, Leslie; Barba, Robert (17 September 2018). "Nestlé to Sell Gerber Life Insurance to Western & Southern Financial". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  71. ^ Assis, Claudia. "Nestlé to sell Gerber Life Insurance for $1.55 billion". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  72. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  73. ^ "Nestle to adopt Nutri-Score labelling system in continental Europe | Food Industry News | just-food". www.just-food.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  74. ^ "Froneri acquisition of Nestle USA". www.froneri.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  75. ^ Evans, Judith (13 February 2020). "Nestlé eyes 'once in a generation' plant-based opportunity". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  76. ^ "Nestle investing Rs 6,000-6,500 cr to expand manufacturing ops in India, says top official". The Economic Times. 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  77. ^ "One Rock and Metropoulos & Co. to acquire Nestlé Waters North America". CNBC. 17 February 2021. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  78. ^ "Nestlé water-bottling operations sold to equity firm for $4.3 billion". CTV News. 17 February 2021. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  79. ^ "Archeological Find Unearthed in Kitchener". 2 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021. The 4.3 billion U.S. dollar sale of Nestle Waters North America to One Rock Capital Partners LLC was announced in February and the sale closed on Wednesday
  80. ^ "Coffee, dairy help Nestle post strongest quarter in a decade". Reuters. 22 April 2021. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  81. ^ Kostov, Nick (30 April 2021). "Nestlé Expands in Vitamins With $5.75 Billion Nature's Bounty Deal". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  82. ^ "Nestle buys vitamin maker Bountiful's main brands for $5.75 billion". CNBC. 30 April 2021. Archived from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  83. ^ "Nestle to Buy Vitamin Brands From KKR for $5.75 Billion". Bloomberg.com. 30 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  84. ^ "NHSc to acquire the Mevalia® and ComidaMed® brands from Dr. Schär". www.nestlehealthscience.com. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  85. ^ "Nestlé will pay African cocoa farmers to keep children in schools". SWI swissinfo.ch. 27 January 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  86. ^ "Nestlé To Acquire Brazilian Plant-Based Firm Puravida". ESM Magazine. 24 May 2022. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  87. ^ "Nestle Flying in Baby Formula to Ease U.S. Shortage" Archived 5 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine. webmd.com. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  88. ^ Egginton, Tess (7 September 2023). "Nestlé to acquire majority stake in Brazilian premium chocolate company". Food & Drink International. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  89. ^ "Ukraine labels Nestlé a 'sponsor' of Russia's war of aggression". SWI swissinfo. 2 November 2023.
  90. ^ "Nestlé chief executive Mark Schneider to step down". www.ft.com. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  91. ^ Nestle. Nestle annual review 2023 (PDF) (Report). Nestle. p. 57. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  92. ^ Forbes list of world's top companies Archived 3 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  93. ^ MarketWatch page on Nestlé S.A. ADS Archived 21 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  94. ^ a b Jobs Archived 9 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine Nestlé, global info
  95. ^ "The Global RepTrak 100: The World's Most Reputable Companies (2015)" (PDF). Reputation Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  96. ^ "Nestle Bilanz, Gewinn und Umsatz | Nestle Geschäftsbericht | A0Q4DC". wallstreet-online.de. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  97. ^ "General Mills: Joint ventures". Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  98. ^ "Coke, Nestle part ways on tea in U.S., elsewhere". Reuters. 6 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  99. ^ "Nestlé plans chilled dairy improvement with Lactalis venture" Archived 29 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Dairy Reporter, 16 December 2005.
  100. ^ "Nestlé and Colgate-Palmolive bite into mouth market" Archived 15 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, BreakingNews.ie, 11 December 2003.
  101. ^ "Nestlé, Indofood create culinary product JV". FoodNavigator-Asia.com. 28 February 2005. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  102. ^ "Snow Brand times thawing with Nestlé joint venture" Archived 24 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Food Navigator, 24 January 2001.
  103. ^ "Base de données des élites suisses | Nestlé".
  104. ^ "Nestle Board". Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  105. ^ "South Australian Register of Lobbyists - Etched Communications" (PDF). 18 December 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2018.
  106. ^ Doering, Christopher (6 December 2021). "Where the dollars go: Lobbying a big business for large food and beverage CPGs". fooddive.com. Food Dive. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  107. ^ Smith, Aaron. "Nestle selling U.S. candy brands to Nutella company". CNNMoney. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  108. ^ "From Milkmaids to Multinational Markets: Nestlé's Branding Story". www.wipo.int. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  109. ^ Hanna Ziady (17 January 2020). "The world's biggest food company is now making vegan sausages". CNN. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  110. ^ Pendleton, Jennifer (23 November 1993) Rich deal for Disney, Nestlé", Variety
  111. ^ "The Land". Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  112. ^ "Nestlé continues sponsorship of the Beijing Music Festival" Archived 16 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine, China.org, 6 August 2010
  113. ^ "Nestlé extends Salzburg Festival partnership until 2015" Archived 8 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Nestlé, 5 October 2011
  114. ^ "Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award 2015". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  115. ^ "Nestlé confirms sponsorship renewal of Tour de France". FoodBev. 16 July 2009. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  116. ^ "IAAF, Nestlé becomes main sponsor of worldwide IAAF Kids' Athletics" Archived 16 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine, 27 January 2012
  117. ^ Reinsch, Michael (10 February 2016). Leichtathletik-Weltverband „toxisch“ Archived 16 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in German). Frankfurter Allgemeine Sport. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  118. ^ "UK: Nestle Waters secures Tour de France tie-up for Buxton Natural Mineral Water". 19 June 2014. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  119. ^ "UK: Nestlé Rowntree to sponsor Women's Rugby League team". Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  120. ^ "Nestlé and AIS Sports Nutrition". Australian Government. Archived from the original on 17 May 2012.
  121. ^ "Providing Context to the 2012 Nestlé FTSE4Good BMS Verification" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  122. ^ "Global Consumer Brands Unveil World's First Enzymatically Recycled Bottles". 24 June 2021.
  123. ^ "Why PepsiCo, L'Oreal and Nestle are banking on this French plastics recycling startup". greenbiz.com. 7 May 2020. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  124. ^ "Global Shared Value Prize on Offer". Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  125. ^ "Entries open for CHF 500k Nestlé Creating Shared Value Prize". UK Fundraising. 9 December 2014. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  126. ^ "Women's Rights: Nestlé on female cocoa farmers". ConfectioneryNews.com. 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  127. ^ "How the Global Food Sector Can Solve Our Food Security Crisis". Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  128. ^ "Nestlé wins global food industry award". CSR Europe. 24 August 2010. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013.
  129. ^ "Nestle to respond to baby milk criticism in coming days". Reuters. 2 February 2018. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  130. ^ Plüss, Jessica (10 January 2020). "Nestlé struggles to win over baby formula critics". Swissinfo. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  131. ^ Moorhead, Joanna (15 May 2007). "Milking it". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  132. ^ Han, Soul (30 September 2021). "International groups boycott Nestle products to end indiscriminate advertising, 1977-1984". The Commons Social Change Library. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  133. ^ Raghavan, Sudarsan; Chatterjee, Sumana (24 June 2001). "Slaves feed world's taste for chocolate: Captives common in cocoa farms of Africa". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on 17 September 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  134. ^ "Combating Child Labour in Cocoa Growing" (PDF). International Labour Organization. 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  135. ^ Wolfe, David; Shazzie (2005). Naked Chocolate: The Astonishing Truth about the World's Greatest Food. North Atlantic Books. p. 98. ISBN 1556437315. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
  136. ^ Hawksley, Humphrey (12 April 2001). "Mali's children in chocolate slavery". BBC News. Archived from the original on 26 December 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  137. ^ Hawksley, Humphrey (4 May 2001). "Ivory Coast accuses chocolate companies". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  138. ^ McDonald, Scott (22 September 2008). "Nearly 53,000 Chinese children sick from milk". Associated Press.[dead link‍]
  139. ^ Macartney, Jane (22 September 2008). "China baby milk scandal spreads as sick toll rises to 13,000". The Times. London. Retrieved 2 April 2010.[dead link‍]
  140. ^ "FDA confirms E. coli found in Nestle cookie dough". Reuters.
  141. ^ "Beware! Eating 2 -Minute Maggi Noodles can ruin your Nervous System". news.biharprabha.com. 18 May 2015. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  142. ^ "Maggi Noodles Packets Recalled Across Uttar Pradesh, Say Food Inspectors: Report". NDTV. New Delhi, India. 20 May 2015. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  143. ^ Sushmi Dey (16 May 2015). "'Maggi' under regulatory scanner for lead, MSG beyond permissible limit". The Times of India. New Delhi, India. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  144. ^ Muir, Paul (28 November 2013). "The human rights and wrongs of Nestlé and water for all". The National. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  145. ^ "Nestlé bottled-water ads misleading, environmentalists say". CBC News. 1 December 2008. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  146. ^ "Groups Challenge Nestlé's Bottled Water Greenwashing". Polaris Institute. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  147. ^ Anderson, Scott (1 December 2008). "Nestlé water ads misleading: Canada green groups". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
  148. ^ "Turkish parliament dumps Coke, Nestle from menus over alleged Israel support". Reuters. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nestlé.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nestlé&oldid=1263097274"