Chlamydotis

Chlamydotis
	Asian houbara wintering in India
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Otidiformes
Family:	Otididae
Genus:	Chlamydotis; Lesson, 1839
Type species
	Otis houbara; Desfontaines, 1787
Species
	See text

Chlamydotis is a genus of large birds in the bustard family. The genus name is from Ancient Greek khlamus, a horseman's cloak with weights sewn into the corners, and otis, bustard.^[2]

Members of this genus show very little sexual dimorphism in their plumage. The clade consists of two extant species, formerly considered to be conspecific forms a sister group within the clade that includes the genus Otis.^[3]

Genus **Chlamydotis** – Lesson, 1839 – two species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
African houbara	Chlamydotis undulata (Jacquin, 1784) Two subspecies C. u. fuertaventurae (Rothschild & Hartert 1894) (Canary Islands houbara) C. u. undulata (Jacquin 1784) (North African houbara)	north Africa, Canary Islands	Size: Habitat: Diet:	VU
Asian houbara	Chlamydotis macqueenii (Gray, JE, 1832)	Asia	Size: Habitat: Diet:	VU

The genus was established by the French naturalist René Primevère Lesson in 1839 and included only one species which was formerly described in the genus Otis. The genus name of Houbara was used by Charles Lucien Bonaparte but this was dropped, being a nomen nudum, as not following the requirements for zoological names. The Asian houbara was split on the basis of distinctive display, differences in feather colours and on the basis of well established genetic differences. The two species are thought to have separated during a period of extreme aridity around 0.9 million years ago.^[4]

The African houbara breeds in the Canary Islands and north Africa. The Asian houbara occurs in southwestern Asia and along the dry region between the Caspian Sea and the Gobi Desert. The more northern populations have many birds migrating south in winter and MacQueen's has historically been known for its vagrancy and individuals have been found well outside their usual range. They breed in deserts and other arid sandy areas and are sensitive to human disturbance. Populations of both these bustards have been greatly reduced by hunting, falconry and human-induced habitat changes.

References

^ "Otididae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Broders, Olaf; Osborne, Tim; Wink, Michael (2003). "A mtDNA phylogeny of bustards (family Otididae) based on nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b-gene" (PDF). J. Ornithol. 144 (2): 176–185. Bibcode:2003JOrni.144..176B. doi:10.1007/bf02465645. S2CID 13606097. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-23. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
^ Korrida, Amal; Schweizer, Manuel (2014). "Diversification across the Palaearctic desert belt throughout the Pleistocene: phylogeographic history of the Houbara–Macqueen's bustard complex (Otididae: Chlamydotis) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 52 (1): 65–74. doi:10.1111/jzs.12036.

[HM4-1] "Otididae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-27.

[job-2] Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[3] Broders, Olaf; Osborne, Tim; Wink, Michael (2003). "A mtDNA phylogeny of bustards (family Otididae) based on nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b-gene" (PDF). J. Ornithol. 144 (2): 176–185. Bibcode:2003JOrni.144..176B. doi:10.1007/bf02465645. S2CID 13606097. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-23. Retrieved 2014-03-23.

[4] Korrida, Amal; Schweizer, Manuel (2014). "Diversification across the Palaearctic desert belt throughout the Pleistocene: phylogeographic history of the Houbara–Macqueen's bustard complex (Otididae: Chlamydotis) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 52 (1): 65–74. doi:10.1111/jzs.12036.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]