Johann Wilhelm von Archenholz
Johann Wilhelm Archenholz was born in Langfuhr (Wrzeszcz) near Danzig (Gdańsk) on 3 September 1741. He was a Prussian[1][2][3][4][5] officer, Professor of History and a publicist. His book about the history of the Seven Years' War (1756–63) was the basis for many reprints, as well as for school books.
Life
[edit]Archenholz passed from the Berlin Cadet school into the Prussian army at the age of sixteen, and took part in the last campaigns of the Seven Years' War. Retiring from military service, on account of his wounds, with the rank of captain in 1763, he travelled for sixteen years and visited nearly all the countries of Europe, and resided in England for ten years from 1769 to 1779.[6]
Returning to Germany in 1780, he obtained a lay canonry at Magdeburg Cathedral, and immediately entered upon a literary career by publishing the periodical Litteratur- und Völkerkunde (Leipzig, 1782–1791). This was followed in 1785 by England und Italien (Leipzig, 1787), in which he gives an appreciation of English political and social institutions. Between 1789 and 1798 he published his Annalen der britischen Geschichte (20 volumes). But the work by which he is best known to fame is his history of the Seven Years' War, Geschichte des siebenjährigen Krieges (first published in the Berliner historisches Taschenbuch of 1787, and later in 2 volumes.[6]
In 1791 Archenholz lived in France with his family, publishing German language reports about the French Revolution in his journal Minerva. While at first he agreed with the ideas of the revolution, his view was changed by the ongoing violence. In 1792 he had to flee the country as he was threatened to be beheaded following some of his political papers.[citation needed] In 1792 he moved to Hamburg, and there, from 1792 to 1812, edited the Minerva, which had a reputation for its literary, historical and political information.[6]
Archenholz commissioned a Berlin artist, Johann Friedrich Bolt, to produce a copper etching for Archenholz's History of Gustav Vasa of the famous Swedish Nobility. He died in Öjendorf (part of Hamburg today) on 28 February 1812, where the street Archenholzstraße ("Archenholz street") and a school called "Grundschule Archenholzstraße"[7] is named after him today.
Assessment
[edit]Archenholz' understanding of his role as a publicist was very modern for his times. He strove not to deliver opinions to his readers but instead unbiased facts. His main interest was current politics in Europe as well as their historical development.[citation needed]
Publications
[edit]
- Annalen der britischen Geschichte: d. Jahrs ... (1.1789 - 20.1800). Olms, Hildesheim 1997 (Reprint of the Tübingen edition from 1790 to 1800)
- Die Engländer in Indien. Dyk, Leipzig 1.1786–3.1788
- England und Italien. Winter, Heidelberg 1993, ISBN 3-8253-0110-9 (Volume 1–3, Reprint of the Leipzig edition from 1785)
- Gemälde der preussischen Armee vor und in dem siebenjährigen Kriege. Saur, Munich 1990 (Reprint of the Berlin edition 1791)
- Geschichte der Flibustier. Edition Fumfei, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-86172-008-6 (Reprint of the Tübingen edition 1803)
- Geschichte Gustavs Wasa, König von Schweden. Saur, Munich 1990/94 (Reprint of the Tübingen edition from 1801)
- Geschichte der Verschwörung des Fiesco i.J. 1547. s. n., Berlin 1791
- Geschichte des Papstes Sixtus V. s. n., Berlin 1791
- Geschichte des siebenjährigen Krieges in Deutschland von 1756 bis 1763. Biblio-Verlag, Osnabrück 1982, ISBN 3-7648-1203-6 (Reprint of the Karlsruhe edition from 1791)
- Historische Bemerkungen über die große sittliche Revolution im 16. Jahrhundert. s. n., Berlin 1791
- Historisches Taschenbuch für Damen. Saur, München 1990/1994 (Reprint of the Berlin edition from 1791)
- Kleine historische Schiften. Schmieder, Karlsruhe 1791
- Krieg in der Vendée. Dyk, Leipzig 1794 (Band 1–2)
- Litteratur und Völkerkunde. Göschen, Leipzig 1.1782–5.1786
- Die Pariser Jacobiner in ihren Sitzungen. Saur, Munich 1991 (Reprint of the Hamburg edition from 1793)
- Minerva - Ein Journal historischen und politischen Inhalts, Berlin, Hamburg 1792 - 1856
- Miscellen zur Geschichte des Tages. Scriptor-Verlag, Kronberg im Taunus 1979 (Reprint of the Hamburg edition from 1795)
- Neue Litteratur und Völkerkunde. Olms, Hildesheim 1997 (Reprint of the Leipzig edition from 1.1787 to 5.1791)
- Rom und Neapel. Manutius-Verlag, Heidelberg 1990 (Reprint of the Leipzig edition from 1790)
Digitized works
[edit]- Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm : von (1786). England und Italien. 1.
- Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm : von (1786). England und Italien. 2.
- Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm : von (1786). England und Italien. 3.
- Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm : von (1788). Italien. 1 [fre].
- Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm : von (1788). Italien. 2 [fre].
References
[edit]- ^ Hans Kohn (April 1951). "The Eve of German Nationalism (1789–1812)". Journal of the History of Ideas. 12 (2). University of Pennsylvania Press: 256–284. doi:10.2307/2707517. JSTOR 2707517.
- ^ Buchan, James (December 1, 2003). Crowded with Genius: The Scottish Enlightenment: Edinburgh's Moment of the Mind (Hardcover). HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 448. ISBN 0-06-055888-1.
- ^ Robert Shoemaker (May 2001). "Male honour and the decline of public violence in eighteenth-century London". Social History. 26 (2): 190–208. doi:10.1080/03071020110041352. PMID 18680881. S2CID 205545504.
- ^ James Schmidt (February 1998). "Cabbage Heads and Gulps of Water: Hegel on the Terror" (PDF). Political Theory. 26 (1): 4–32. doi:10.1177/0090591798026001002. S2CID 144303736.
- ^ Marcia Pointon (March 2001). ""Surrounded with Brilliants": Miniature Portraits in Eighteenth-Century England". Art Bulletin. 83 (1). College Art Association: 48–71. doi:10.2307/3177190. JSTOR 3177190.
- ^ a b c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm von". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 362.
- ^ "Willkommen". Grundschule Archenholzstraße (in German). Retrieved 2023-02-05.
