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Prix Goncourt

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Prix Goncourt
Awarded for"the best and most imaginative prose work of the year"
DateNovember, annual
CountryFrance
Presented byAcadémie Goncourt
Reward(s)€10
First awarded1903
Websiteacademie-goncourt.fr

The Prix Goncourt (French: Le prix Goncourt, IPA: [lə pʁi ɡɔ̃kuʁ], The Goncourt Prize) is a prize in French literature, given by the académie Goncourt to the author of "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year". The prize carries a symbolic reward of only 10 euros, but results in considerable recognition and book sales for the winning author. Four other prizes are also awarded: prix Goncourt du Premier Roman (first novel), prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle (short story), prix Goncourt de la Poésie (poetry) and prix Goncourt de la Biographie (biography). Of the "big six" French literary awards, the Prix Goncourt is the best known and most prestigious.[1] The other major literary prizes include the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française, the Prix Femina, the Prix Renaudot, the Prix Interallié and the Prix Médicis.[1]

History

[edit]
Edmond de Goncourt

Edmond de Goncourt, a successful author, critic, and publisher, bequeathed his estate for the foundation and maintenance of the Académie Goncourt.[2] In honour of his brother and collaborator, Jules Alfred Huot de Goncourt (1830–1870), the académie has awarded the Prix Goncourt every December since 1903.[2] The jury that determines the winner meets at the Drouant restaurant in November to make its decision.[3] Notable winners of the prize include Marcel Proust (In Search of Lost Time), Simone de Beauvoir (The Mandarins), André Malraux (Man's Fate) and Marguerite Duras (The Lover).[2]

The award was initially established to provide talented new authors with a monetary award that would allow them to write a second book.[4] Today, the Goncourt has a token prize amount (around 10 euros), about the same amount given in 1903, and so the prestige of the prize has been explained not because of the cash-value of the prize, but "in terms of the tremendous book sales it effects: the Goncourt winner becomes an instant millionaire."[5] Hervé Le Tellier's The Anomaly, which won the Goncourt in 2020, exceeded a million copies in less than a year after its publication.[6]

In 1987, the Prix Goncourt des Lycéens was established, as a collaboration between the académie Goncourt, the French Ministry of Education, and Fnac, a book, music, and movie retailer.

The Prix Renaudot is announced at the same ceremony as the Prix Goncourt. It has become known as something of a second-place prize.[7]

Controversies

[edit]
Journalists at Le Drouant restaurant, 2016 Prix Goncourt.

Within months of the first prize in 1903, it spawned a "hostile counter-prize" in the form of the Prix Femina to counter the all-male Jury of the Goncourt with an all-female jury on the Femina.[8]

Some choices have been controversial, a famous example was Marcel Proust in 1919; it was met with indignation by the public since many believed that the prize should have gone to Roland Dorgelès for Les Croix de bois, a novel about the First World War.[9][10] The prize was supposed to be awarded to promising young authors, whereas Proust was not considered "young" at 48 – however Proust was a beginning author which is the only eligibility requirement, age being unimportant.[9][10]

In 1921, Rene Maran won the Goncourt with Batouala, veritable roman negre, the first French novel to openly criticize European colonialism in Africa.[11] The novel caused "violent reactions" and was banned in all the French colonies.[11]

In 1932, the prize was controversial for passing up Louis-Ferdinand Céline's Voyage au bout de la nuit for Guy Mazeline's Les Loups.[12] The voting process became the basis of the 1992 book Goncourt 32 by Eugène Saccomano.[13]

Although the award may only be given to an author once, Romain Gary won it twice, in 1956 for Les racines du ciel and again under the pseudonym Émile Ajar in 1975 for La vie devant soi.[14] The Académie Goncourt awarded the prize to Ajar without knowing his real identity.[14] A period of literary intrigue followed. Gary's cousin's son Paul Pavlowitch posed as the author for a time. Gary later revealed the truth in his posthumous book Vie et mort d'Émile Ajar.[14]

In September 2021, the Goncourt attracted controversy after the jury decided, by a vote of 7 to 3, to include Les enfants de Cadillac by François Noudelmann on its 2021 list of finalists. Noudelmann is the partner of Camille Laurens, who is a member of the prize's jury. Laurens voted in favor of her partner's book.[15] In October 2021, the Académie Goncourt ultimately decided that it will no longer allow lovers and family members of the jury to be entered for consideration.[16]

Selection and voting process

[edit]

The Prix Goncourt is divided into three selection stages. The first selection is typically composed of fifteen finalists. The second selection is typically composed of eight finalists, narrowed down from the previous fifteen. A third and final selection leaves four finalists.[17]

In the voting rounds, a maximum of fourteen rounds can be carried out. To begin the deliberation process, the names of the four finalists are placed in a champagne bucket. In turn, the names are taken out and each member of the jury votes aloud in favour of, or in opposition to, the writer. An absolute majority—more than half the votes cast—is required until the tenth round, then a simple majority is sufficient to designate a winner. If, after fourteen rounds, there is no winner, the president's vote counts as double to determine a majority vote. At 12:45 p.m., the Secretary General, Philippe Claudel, appears in front of the crowd of journalists and announces the winner. The winner typically waits in a cafe near the Drouant so that they can arrive in time. The winner is interviewed by the media and is offered a symbolic check for ten euros.[18]

Winners

[edit]
Prix Goncourt winners[19]
Year Author French title English title Transl. year Film title Film year Notes Publisher (x time)
1903 John Antoine Nau Force ennemie Enemy Force 2010 — — La Plume
1904 Léon Frapié La Maternelle — — La Maternelle 1933 Albin Michel
1905 Claude Farrère Les Civilisés — — — — Paul Ollendorff
1906 Jean and Jérôme Tharaud Dingley, l'illustre écrivain — — — — Édouard Pelletan
1907 Émile Moselly Le Rouet d'ivoire and Jean des Brebis ou le livre de la misère — — — — [n 1] Plon
1908 Francis de Miomandre Écrit sur de l'eau... — — — — Édition du Feu, later Émile-Paul Frères
1909 Marius-Ary Leblond En France — — — — Fasquelle
1910 Louis Pergaud De Goupil à Margot — — — — Mercure de France
1911 Alphonse de Châteaubriant Monsieur des Lourdines The Keynote 1912 Monsieur des Lourdines 1943 Grasset
1912 André Savignon Les Filles de la pluie — — — — Grasset (2)
1913 Marc Elder Le peuple de la mer — — — — Calmann-Lévy
1914 Adrien Bertrand L'Appel du Sol The Call of the Soil 1919 — — [n 2] Calmann-Lévy (2)
1915 René Benjamin Gaspard Private Gaspard 1916 — — Fayard
1916 Henri Barbusse Le Feu Under Fire 1917 — — [n 3] Flammarion
1917 Henry Malherbe La Flamme au poing The Flame That Is France 1918 — — Albin Michel (2)
1918 Georges Duhamel Civilisation Civilization 1919 — — Mercure de France (2)
1919 Marcel Proust A l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs Within a Budding Grove 1920 — — [n 4] Gallimard
1920 Ernest Pérochon Nêne Nêne 1920 Nène[21] 1924 Plon (2)
1921 René Maran Batouala Batouala 1921 — — Albin Michel (3)
1922 Henri Béraud Le vitriol de la lune and Le martyre de l'obèse — — — — Albin Michel (4)
1923 Lucien Fabre Rabevel ou Le mal des ardents — — — — Gallimard (2)
1924 Thierry Sandre Le Chèvrefeuille, le Purgatoire, le Chapitre XIII — — — — Gallimard (3)
1925 Maurice Genevoix Raboliot — — Raboliot
Raboliot[22]
Raboliot[23] 		1946
1972
2008 		Grasset (3)
1926 Henri Deberly Le supplice de Phèdre — — — — Gallimard (4)
1927 Maurice Bedel Jérôme 60° latitude nord Jerome: or, The Latitude of Love 1928 — — Gallimard (5)
1928 Maurice Constantin-Weyer Un Homme se penche sur son passé A Man Scans His Past 1929 Un homme se penche sur son passé[24]
Les amants de rivière rouge[25] 		1958
1996 		Rieder
1929 Marcel Arland L'Ordre — — L'Ordre[26] 1985 Gallimard (6)
1930 H. Fauconnier Malaisie The Soul of Malaya or Malaisie 1931 — — Stock
1931 Jean Fayard Mal d'amour Desire 1931 — — Fayard (2)
1932 Guy Mazeline Les Loups The Wolves 1935 — — Gallimard (7)
1933 André Malraux La Condition humaine Man's Fate 1934 — — Gallimard (8)
1934 Roger Vercel Capitaine Conan Captain Conan 1935 Capitaine Conan 1996 Albin Michel (5)
1935 Joseph Peyre Sang et Lumières — — — — Grasset (4)
1936 Maxence Van Der Meersch L'Empreinte de Dieu Hath Not the Potter 1937 — — Albin Michel (6)
1937 Charles Plisnier Faux passeports — — — — [n 5] Corrêa
1938 Henri Troyat L'Araigne — — — — Plon (3)
1939 Philippe Hériat Les enfants gâtés — — — — Gallimard (9)
1940 Francis Ambrière Les grandes vacances The Long Holiday 1948 — — [n 6] Nouvelle France
1941 Henri Pourrat Vent de Mars — — — — Gallimard (10)
1942 Marc Bernard Pareil à des enfants — — — — Gallimard (11)
1943 Marius Grout Passage de l'Homme When the Man Passed By 1962 — — Gallimard (12)
1944 Elsa Triolet Le premier accroc coûte 200 Francs A Fine of Two Hundred Francs 1947 — — Denoël
1945 Jean-Louis Bory Mon village à l'heure allemande — — — — Flammarion (2)
1946 Jean-Jacques Gautier Histoire d'un Fait divers — — — — Julliard
1947 Jean-Louis Curtis Les Forêts de la Nuit The Forests of the Night 1950 — — Julliard (2)
1948 Maurice Druon Les grandes familles The Rise of Simon Lachaume 1952 The Possessors
Les grandes familles[27] 		1958
1989 		Julliard (3)
1949 Robert Merle Week-end à Zuydcoote Week-end at Zuydcoote 1950 Weekend at Dunkirk 1964 Gallimard (13)
1950 Paul Colin Les jeux sauvages Savage Play 1953 — — Gallimard (14)
1951 Julien Gracq Le Rivage des Syrtes The Opposing Shore 1986 — — [n 7] José Corti
1952 Béatrix Beck Léon Morin, prêtre The Priest (UK), The Passionate Heart (US) 1953 Léon Morin, Priest
Léon Morin, prêtre[28] 		1961
1991 		Gallimard (15)
1953 Pierre Gascar Les Bêtes — — — — Gallimard (16)
1954 Simone de Beauvoir Les Mandarins The Mandarins 1957 — — Gallimard (17)
1955 Roger Ikor Les eaux mêlées — — Les eaux mêlées[29] 1969 Albin Michel (7)
1956 Romain Gary Les racines du ciel The Roots of Heaven 1957 The Roots of Heaven 1958 Gallimard (18)
1957 Roger Vailland La Loi The Law 1958 The Law 1959 Gallimard (19)
1958 Francis Walder Saint-Germain ou la négociation — — — — Gallimard (20)
1959 André Schwarz-Bart Le dernier des Justes The Last of the Just 1960 — — Seuil
1960 Vintilă Horia Dieu est né en exil God Was Born in Exile 1961 — — Fayard (3)
1961 Jean Cau La pitié de Dieu The Mercy of God 1963 — — Gallimard (21)
1962 Anna Langfus Les bagages de sable The Lost Shore 1964 — — Gallimard (22)
1963 Armand Lanoux Quand la mer se retire — — Quand la mer se retire[30] 1963 Julliard (4)
1964 Georges Conchon L'Etat sauvage — — The Savage State 1978 Albin Michel (8)
1965 Jacques Borel L'Adoration The Bond 1968 — — Gallimard (23)
1966 Edmonde Charles-Roux Oublier Palerme To Forget Palermo 1968 Dimenticare Palermo 1990 Grasset (5)
1967 André Pieyre de Mandiargues La Marge The Margin 1970 The Margin 1976 Gallimard (24)
1968 Bernard Clavel Les fruits de l'hiver The Fruits of Winter 1969 — — Robert Laffont
1969 Félicien Marceau Creezy Creezy 1970 Creezy 1974 Gallimard (25)
1970 Michel Tournier Le Roi des Aulnes The Erl-King (UK) or The Ogre (US) 1972 The Ogre 1996 Gallimard (26)
1971 Jacques Laurent Les Bêtises — — — — Grasset (6)
1972 Jean Carrière L'Epervier de Maheux — — — — Pauvert
1973 Jacques Chessex L'Ogre A Father's Love (1975) or The Tyrant (2012) 1975 — — [n 8] Grasset (7)
1974 Pascal Lainé La Dentellière A Web of Lace (1976) or The Lacemaker (2008)[31] 1976 The Lacemaker 1977 Gallimard (27)
1975 Émile Ajar (Romain Gary) La vie devant soi Momo (1978) or The Life Before Us (1986) 1978 Madame Rosa
The Life Ahead 		1977
2020 		[n 9] Mercure de France (3)
1976 Patrick Grainville Les Flamboyants — — — — Seuil (2)
1977 Didier Decoin John l'enfer — — — — Seuil (3)
1978 Patrick Modiano Rue des boutiques obscures Missing Person 1980 — — Gallimard (28)
1979 Antonine Maillet Pélagie-la-Charrette Pélagie: The Return to Acadie 1982 — — Grasset (8)
1980 Yves Navarre Le Jardin d'acclimatation Cronus' Children 1986 — — Flammarion (3)
1981 Lucien Bodard Anne-Marie — — — — Grasset (9)
1982 Dominique Fernandez Dans la main de l'Ange — — — — Grasset (10)
1983 Frédérick Tristan Les égarés The Lost Ones 1991 — — Balland
1984 Marguerite Duras L'Amant The Lover 1986 The Lover 1992 Minuit
1985 Yann Queffélec Les Noces barbares The Wedding 1987 The Cruel Embrace 1987 Gallimard (29)
1986 Michel Host Valet de nuit — — — — Grasset (11)
1987 Tahar Ben Jelloun La nuit sacrée The Sacred Night 1989 La Nuit sacrée[32] 1993 Seuil (4)
1988 Érik Orsenna L'Exposition coloniale Love and Empire 1991 — — Seuil (5)
1989 Jean Vautrin Un grand pas vers le Bon Dieu — — — — Grasset (12)
1990 Jean Rouaud Les Champs d'honneur Fields of Glory 1992 — — Minuit (2)
1991 Pierre Combescot Les Filles du Calvaire — — — — Grasset (13)
1992 Patrick Chamoiseau Texaco Texaco 1998 — — Gallimard (30)
1993 Amin Maalouf Le Rocher de Tanios The Rock of Tanios 1994 — — Grasset (14)
1994 Didier Van Cauwelaert Un Aller simple One-Way 2003 One Way Ticket[33] 2001 Albin Michel (9)
1995 Andreï Makine Le Testament français Dreams of My Russian Summers 1998 — — Mercure de France (4)
1996 Pascale Roze Le Chasseur Zéro — — — — Albin Michel (10)
1997 Patrick Rambaud La Bataille The Battle 2000 — — Grasset (15)
1998 Paule Constant Confidence pour confidence Trading Secrets 2001 — — Gallimard (31)
1999 Jean Echenoz Je m'en vais I'm Gone (US) or I'm Off (UK) 2001 — — Minuit (3)
2000 Jean-Jacques Schuhl Ingrid Caven Ingrid Caven 2004 — — Gallimard (32)
2001 Jean-Christophe Rufin Rouge Brésil Brazil Red 2004 — — Gallimard (33)
2002 Pascal Quignard Les Ombres errantes The Roving Shadows 2011 — — Grasset (16)
2003 Jacques-Pierre Amette La maîtresse de Brecht Brecht's Lover (US) or Brecht's Mistress (UK) 2005 — — Albin Michel (11)
2004 Laurent Gaudé Le Soleil des Scorta The House of Scorta (US 2006) The Scortas' Sun (UK 2007) 2006 — — Actes Sud
2005 François Weyergans Trois jours chez ma mère — — — — Grasset (17)
2006 Jonathan Littell Les Bienveillantes The Kindly Ones 2009 — — Gallimard (34)
2007 Gilles Leroy Alabama Song — — — — Mercure de France (5)
2008 Atiq Rahimi Syngué Sabour: La pierre de patience Stone of Patience (UK) or The Patience Stone (US) 2010 The Patience Stone 2012 P.O.L
2009 Marie NDiaye Trois femmes puissantes Three Strong Women 2012 — — Gallimard (35)
2010 Michel Houellebecq La Carte et le territoire The Map and the Territory 2012 — — Flammarion (4)
2011 Alexis Jenni L'Art français de la guerre The French Art of War 2017 — — Gallimard (36)
2012 Jérôme Ferrari Le Sermon sur la chute de Rome The Sermon on the Fall of Rome 2014 — — Actes Sud (2)
2013 Pierre Lemaitre Au revoir là-haut The Great Swindle 2015 See You Up There 2017 Albin Michel (12)
2014 Lydie Salvayre Pas pleurer Cry, Mother Spain 2016 — — Seuil (6)
2015 Mathias Énard Boussole Compass 2017 — — Actes Sud (3)
2016 Leïla Slimani Chanson douce Lullaby (UK)
The Perfect Nanny (USA) 		2018 Perfect Nanny 2019 Gallimard (37)
2017 Éric Vuillard L'Ordre du jour The Order of the Day 2018 — — Actes Sud (4)
2018 Nicolas Mathieu Leurs enfants après eux And Their Children After Them 2019 And Their Children After Them 2024 Actes Sud (5)
2019 Jean-Paul Dubois Tous les hommes n'habitent pas le monde de la même façon Not Everybody Lives the Same Way 2022 — — L'Olivier
2020 Hervé Le Tellier L'Anomalie The Anomaly 2021 — — Gallimard (38)
2021 Mohamed Mbougar Sarr La plus secrète mémoire des hommes The Most Secret Memory of Men 2023 — — [n 10] Philippe Rey / Jimsaan
2022 Brigitte Giraud Vivre Vite — — — — Flammarion (5)
2023 Jean-Baptiste Andrea Veiller sur elle — — — — L'Iconoclaste (1)

Other awards

[edit]

In addition to the Prix Goncourt for a novel, the Academy awards four other awards, for first novel, short story, biography and poetry.

As of March 2009, the académie changed the award name by dropping "bourses" ("scholarship") from the title.[35][36] The prefix "prix" can be included or not, such as "Prix Goncourt de la Poésie" (Goncourt prize for Poetry) or "Goncourt de la Poésie" (Goncourt of Poetry). For example: "Claude Vigée was awarded a Goncourt de la Poésie in 2008". Or, "Claude Vigée won the 2008 prix Goncourt de la Poésie".

The award titles are:

Pre-2009 award name Post-2009 award name Category
Bourse Goncourt de la Biographie Prix Goncourt de la Biographie Biography
Bourse Goncourt de la Nouvelle Prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle Short story
Bourse Goncourt du Premier Roman Prix Goncourt du Premier Roman Debut novel
Bourse Goncourt de la Poésie Prix Goncourt de la Poésie Poetry
Bourse Goncourt Jeunesse discontinued Juvenile

The winners are listed below.[37]

Prix Goncourt de la Biographie

[edit]

Goncourt Prize for biography. Awarded in partnership with the city of Nancy. The prize was renamed officially in 2017 the Prix Goncourt de la Biographie Edmonde Charles-Roux, after a former president of the Goncourt Academy.

Prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle

[edit]

Goncourt Prize for short stories. Begun in 1974 in the form of scholarships. Awarded in partnership with the city of Strasbourg since 2001.

Prix Goncourt du Premier Roman

[edit]

Goncourt Prize for debut novel. Awarded in partnership with the municipality of Paris.

Prix Goncourt de la Poésie

[edit]
French and Francophone literature
by category
History
Movements
Writers
Countries and regions
Portals

Goncourt Prize for poetry. Established through the bequest of Adrien Bertrand (Prix Goncourt in 1914). The award is for the poet's entire career work. The prize was officially renamed in 2012 the Prix Goncourt de la Poésie Robert Sabatier, after the poet.

Bourse Goncourt Jeunesse

[edit]

Goncrout Prize for children's literature. Awarded in partnership with the municipality of Fontvieille. Discontinued after 2007.

Prix Goncourt des Lycéens

[edit]
Main article: Prix Goncourt des Lycéens

See also

[edit]

For a more comprehensive overview a list of literary awards is available.

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

  1. ^ Pseudonym of Émile Chénin
  2. ^ Awarded in 1916. See footnote.[20]
  3. ^ See footnote.[20]
  4. ^ Volume 2 of In Search of Lost Time
  5. ^ First foreigner to win Prix Goncourt.
  6. ^ Published and awarded in 1946 due to WWII.
    Non-fiction memoir.
  7. ^ Refused prize.
  8. ^ The translated editions from 1975 & 2012 are the same by Martin Sokolinsky.
  9. ^ The rules of the Prix Goncourt state that an author can win only once. Gary had already won in 1956 for Les racines du ciel. However, since La vie devant soi was published under the pseudonym Émile Ajar, the Académie Goncourt awarded the prize without knowing the author's true identity. Gary's cousin's son Paul Pavlowitch posed as the author for a time.
  10. ^ First winner of the Goncourt from Sub-Saharan Africa[34]

References

  1. ^ a b Unwin, Timothy (1997). "Introduction". The Cambridge Companion to the French Novel: From 1800 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. xxii. ISBN 9780521499149. The 'big six' literary prizes in France have an extremely high profile and are, significantly, all awarded for novels. The best known and most prestigious is the Prix Goncourt. The other major literary prizes are the Grand Prix du Roman de l'Academie Francaise, the Prix Femina (awarded by a jury of women, though not necessarily to a female novelist), the Prix Renaudot, the Prix Interallie and the Prix Medicis.
  2. ^ a b c Burke, David (2008). Writers in Paris: Literary Lives in the City of Light. Counterpoint Press. p. 181. ISBN 9781593761578.
  3. ^ Glyn, Anthony (2000). The Companion Guide to Paris. Companion Guides. p. 98. ISBN 9781900639200.
  4. ^ Sally J. Scholz (2005). The Contradictions of Freedom: Philosophical Essays on Simone de Beauvoir's The Mandarins. SUNY Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780791465608.
  5. ^ James F English (2009). The Economy of Prestige: prizes, awards, and the circulation of cultural value. Harvard University Press. p. 61. ISBN 9780674036536.
  6. ^ Girgis, Dahlia (7 May 2021). "Un tirage total d'un million d'exemplaires pour "L'anomalie"". Livres Hebdo (in French). Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  7. ^ Hollier, Denis (1994). A New History of French Literature. Harvard University Press. p. 967. ISBN 9780674615663.
  8. ^ James F English (2009). The Economy of Prestige: prizes, awards, and the circulation of cultural value. Harvard University Press. p. 61. ISBN 9780674036536.
  9. ^ a b Rodic, Vesna (2008). Lyricism and Politics in Paul Valery's Poetry and Poetic Theory and in "La Nouvelle Revue Francaise", 1909–1939. ISBN 9781109096477.
  10. ^ a b Ashley, Katherine, ed. (2004). "L'Attribution du prix Goncourt à Proust en 1919". Prix Goncourt, 1902–2003: essals critiques (in French). Bern: Peter Lang. ISBN 9783039100187.
  11. ^ a b Unwin, Timothy (1997). "The colonial and postcolonial Francophone novel". The Cambridge Companion to the French Novel: From 1800 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 195. ISBN 9780521499149.
  12. ^ Ashley, Katherine, ed. (2004). Prix Goncourt, 1902–2003: essals critiques (in French). Bern: Peter Lang. p. 16. ISBN 9783039100187.
  13. ^ Lapaque, Sébastien (16 September 1999). Céline-Mazeline sur le ring (in French). {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b c Ashley, Katherine, ed. (2004). "Avant propos". Prix Goncourt, 1902–2003: essals critiques (in French). Bern: Peter Lang. ISBN 9783039100187.
  15. ^ Onishi, Norimitsu; Méheut, Constant (29 September 2021). "In Paris, It's Literary Scandal Season Again". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  16. ^ "No lovers allowed in top French book prize after ethics scandal". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 5 October 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  17. ^ "Prix Goncourt – Présentation". Académie Goncourt (in French). Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  18. ^ Carreau, Nicolas (3 November 2021). "Goncourt : comment est remis le prix et qui est le favori cette année ?". Europe 1 (in French). Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  19. ^ "Tous les lauréats". Académie Goncourt (in French). Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  20. ^ a b No award was given in 1914 due to the war. In 1916 two awards were given, one for 1916 (Barbusse) and one for 1914 (Bertrand).
  21. ^ Nène at IMDb
  22. ^ Raboliot at IMDb
  23. ^ Raboliot at IMDb
  24. ^ Un homme se penche sur son passé at IMDb
  25. ^ Les amants de rivière rouge at IMDb
  26. ^ L'Ordre at IMDb
  27. ^ Les grandes familles at IMDb
  28. ^ Léon Morin, prêtre at IMDb
  29. ^ Les eaux mêlées at IMDb
  30. ^ Quand la mer se retire at IMDb
  31. ^ Translated by David Dugan. The Dirty Goat, issue 18, pg. 170 Archived 14 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
  32. ^ La Nuit sacrée at IMDb
  33. ^ One Way Ticket at IMDb
  34. ^ "Mohamed Mbougar Sarr wins Goncourt Prize, France's most prestigious literary award". France 24. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  35. ^ Autres prix décernés par l'Académie Goncourt
  36. ^ Les Goncourt surfent, Le Figaro, 29 January 2009
  37. ^ Autres prix décernés par l'Académie Goncourt: Lauréats
  38. ^ "Le Goncourt de la biographie à Jean Lebrun pour "Notre Chanel"". lepoint.fr (in French). AFP. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  39. ^ Eloy, Morgane (3 June 2015). "Jean-Christophe Attias, prix Goncourt de la biographie". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  40. ^ Marie-Christine Imbault (4 March 2014). "Le Goncourt de la Nouvelle récompense Nicolas Cavaillès". livreshebdo.fr (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  41. ^ Auproux, Agathe (5 May 2015). "Le prix Goncourt de la nouvelle est attribué à Patrice Franceschi". livreshebdo.fr (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  42. ^ Dargent, Françoise (4 March 2013). "Frédéric Verger, Goncourt du premier roman". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  43. ^ "Le Goncourt du premier roman 2015". Academie Goncourt. 5 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  44. ^ John Dugdale (21 May 2016). "How to turn down a prestigious literary prize – a winner's guide to etiquette". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  45. ^ "Le Goncourt du premier roman à Maryam Madjidi". Le Monde.fr. Éditions Attila [fr]. 3 May 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  46. ^ a b c "Academie Goncourt".
  47. ^ Auproux, Agathe (5 May 2015). "Le prix Goncourt de la poésie Robert Sabatier est décerné à William Cliff". Livres Hebdo (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  48. ^ Gabinari, Pauline (4 May 2021). "Le Goncourt de la poésie Robert Sabatier 2021 couronne Jacques Roubaud". Livres Hebdo (in French). Retrieved 21 October 2021.
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