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Jougs

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The Shrub Hill jougs, Edinburgh displayed in the National Museum of Scotland

The jougs, juggs, or joggs (Old French: joug, from Latin iugum, a yoke) is a metal collar formerly used as an instrument of punishment in Scotland, the Netherlands and other countries. When the soldiers of Oliver Cromwell's army occupied Scotland they were horrified at the church using such a punishment, and many were removed from church walls and destroyed.[1]

Purpose

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The jougs was an iron collar fastened by a short chain to a wall, often of the parish church, or to a tree or mercat cross. The collar was placed round the offender's neck and fastened by a padlock.[2] Time spent in the jougs was intended to shame an offender publicly. Jougs were used for ecclesiastical as well as civil offences. Some surviving examples can still be seen in their original locations in Scottish towns and villages. Jougs may be the origin of the later slang word "jug", meaning prison.

Examples

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Jougs hanging by the door on the weigh-house at Ceres, Fife

Sir Walter Scott rescued the jougs from Threave Castle in Kirkcudbrightshire and attached them to the castellated gateway he built at Abbotsford House.[3]

In Stewarton, East Ayrshire, the jougs were attached to the old bridge that crossed the burn and connected to the drive that ran up to Corsehill House.

The Sanquhar Tolbooth Museum in the Nith valley has jougs attached to the wall just outside the entrance to the old gaol.

The jougs at Sorn Kirk were stolen in the 1930s, but located and returned. Cuthbertson refers to the jougs as "symbols of the session's power against gossips and evil-doers".[4][5]

The jougs at Kilallan Kirk near Kilmacolm were stolen and by chance retrieved and donated to the local museum. A story is told of a lady of short stature who was placed in the jougs; however, she fell off the box and was strangled, as the chain was too short for her.[6]

The jougs on the Isle of Cumbrae survive, attached to a gatepost at the entrance to the Millport Old Cemetery.[7]

The "Clachan Oak" is an ancient sessile oak near Balfron in Stirlingshire. It can still be seen bearing metal bands around its trunk to which jougs were once attached for the restraint and humiliation of petty criminals.[8]

Mr. Carse of the Shawhill Estate protected a fine old thorn tree that grew at the Hurlford Bridge end by attaching a pair of jougs to it, made by David Brown the local blacksmith. These were never used, but acted as a deterrent to local children who might have harmed the tree.[9]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Martin, Daniel (2016). Upper Clydesdale. A History and Guide Birlinn, Edinburgh, Scotland. p. 22.
  2. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jougs". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 523.
  3. ^ Napier, George G. (1897). The Home and Haunts of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. James Maclehose, Glasgow, Scotland. p. 153.
  4. ^ Cuthbertson, David Cuningham (1945). Autumn in Kyle and the Charm of Cunninghame. London: Jenkins. p. 116
  5. ^ "Sorn Parish Kirk – The Ancient Jougs". www.ayrshirehistory.com. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  6. ^ "Kilallan Kirk". Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  7. ^ Steele, John and Noreen (2009). Welcome to Wee Cumbrae. Privately published. ISBN 978-0-9532637-0-7. p. 38
  8. ^ Rodger, Donald, Stokes, Jon, et al. (2006). Heritage Trees of Scotland. The Forestry Commission & The Tree Council. ISBN 0-904853-06-3. p. 182
  9. ^ Wilson, M. (1875). The Ayrshire Hermit: Tammie Raeburn. Hurlford Sixty Years Ago. Kilmarmnock: Alfred Chas. Jonas. pp. 40, 41
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