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1962 FIFA World Cup

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1962 FIFA World Cup
Campeonato Mundial de Fútbol
Copa Jules Rimet Chile 1962 (Spanish)
Tournament details
Host countryChile
Dates30 May – 17 June
Teams16 (from 3 confederations)
Venue(s)4 (in 4 host cities)
Final positions
Champions Brazil (2nd title)
Runners-up Czechoslovakia
Third place Chile
Fourth place Yugoslavia
Tournament statistics
Matches played32
Goals scored89 (2.78 per match)
Attendance893,172 (27,912 per match)
Top scorer(s)Brazil Garrincha
Brazil Vavá
Chile Leonel Sánchez
Hungary Flórián Albert
Soviet Union Valentin Ivanov
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dražan Jerković
(4 goals each)
← 1958
1966 →

The 1962 FIFA World Cup was the 7th edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held from 30 May to 17 June 1962 in Chile. The qualification rounds took place between August 1960 and December 1961, with 56 teams entering from six confederations, and fourteen qualifying for the finals tournament alongside Chile, the hosts, and Brazil, the defending champions.

Brazil successfully defended their World Cup title, defeating Czechoslovakia 3–1 in the final in the Chilean capital Santiago. They became the second team, after Italy in 1934 and 1938, to win the World Cup twice consecutively; no team has since achieved the feat. Host nation Chile finished third, defeating Yugoslavia 1–0 in the third-place play-off.

The tournament was marred by violence between players on the pitch and a toxic atmosphere; it included the first-round match between Chile and Italy (2–0), which became known as the Battle of Santiago, one of a number of violent matches played throughout the tournament. It was the first World Cup that used goal average as a means of separating teams with the same number of points. It was also the first World Cup in which the average number of goals per match was less than three (2.78); this has been repeated at every World Cup since.

Host selection

[edit]
Main article: FIFA World Cup hosts

After Europe hosted two consecutive World Cups, the American federations demanded the 1962 edition must be held in South America or they would stage a complete boycott of the tournament, similar to 1938.[1] Argentina, after previously failed candidacies, was the favorite. Magallanes' chairman, Ernesto Alvear, attended a FIFA Congress held in Helsinki while the Finnish city was hosting the 1952 Summer Olympics. He considered that Chile was able to organise the World Cup. Several sources also say that FIFA did not want Argentina to run alone, requesting the participation of Chile as almost symbolic. Chile registered its candidacy in 1954 alongside Argentina and West Germany, the latter withdrawing at the request of FIFA.[1]

Chile's football federation committee, led by Carlos Dittborn and Juan Pinto Durán, toured many countries convincing various football associations about the country's ability to organise the tournament in comparison to Argentina's superior sports infrastructure and prestige. The FIFA Congress met in Lisbon, Portugal on 10 June 1956. That day, Raul Colombo, representing Argentina's candidacy, ended his speech with the phrase "We can start the World Cup tomorrow. We have it all." The next day, Dittborn presented four arguments that supported Chile's candidacy: Chile's continued participations at FIFA-organised conferences and tournaments, sports climate, tolerance of race and creed and political and institutional stability of the country. In addition, Dittborn invoked Article 2 of the FIFA statutes that addressed the tournament's role in promoting the sport in countries deemed "underdeveloped".[2] In a counter-point to Colombo's claim that "We have it all" Dittborn coined the phrase "Because we have nothing, we want to do it all" (Spanish: Porque no tenemos nada, queremos hacerlo todo) around the fifteenth minute of his speech.[3] Chile won 32 votes to Argentina's 10.[3] Fourteen members abstained from voting.[3]

Qualification

[edit]
Main article: 1962 FIFA World Cup qualification
  Countries qualified for World Cup
  Country failed to qualify
  Countries that did not enter World Cup
  Country not a FIFA member

57 teams entered the 1962 World Cup (due to rejected entries and withdrawals, 52 teams eventually participated in the qualifying stages). Chile as host nation and Brazil as reigning World Cup champions were granted automatic qualification, with the remaining 14 finals places divided among the continental confederations.

Eight places were contested by UEFA teams (Europe) and three by CONMEBOL teams (South America). CAF teams (Africa), AFC teams (Asia), NAFC teams (North America), and CCCF teams (Central America and Caribbean) contested three play-offs slots. The three winners would then face a European or South American team for entry into the World Cup. The 1962 tournament was the last one for which only nations from Europe or the Americas qualified.

Two teams qualified for the first time ever: Colombia and Bulgaria. Colombia would not qualify for another World Cup until 1990.

Among the teams who failed to qualify were the 1958 runners up Sweden and third-place finishers France. Austria withdrew during the qualification tournament due to financial problems.

Italy, Switzerland and Uruguay all qualified for the first time since 1954, and Spain for the first time since 1950. Scotland failed to qualify for the first time since rejoining FIFA in 1946 (though they had ultimately also declined to participate in the 1950 edition).

List of qualified teams

[edit]

The following 16 teams qualified for the final tournament.

Venues

[edit]

Originally, eight stadiums were selected to host the World Cup matches in eight cities: Santiago, Viña del Mar, Rancagua, Arica, Talca, Concepción, Talcahuano and Valdivia.

The Valdivia earthquake, the most powerful earthquake ever recorded, occurred on 22 May 1960. With over 50,000 casualties and more than 2 million people affected, the earthquake forced the organising committee to completely modify the World Cup's calendar. Talca, Concepción, Talcahuano and Valdivia were severely damaged and discarded as venues. Antofagasta and Valparaíso declined to host any matches as their venues were not financially self-sustainable. Viña del Mar and Arica managed to rebuild their stadiums while Braden Copper Company, then an American company that controlled the El Teniente copper mine, allowed the use of its stadium in Rancagua. Due to these setbacks, this is the World Cup edition with the smallest number of venues spread across the country (while the 1930 FIFA World Cup was held in three venues, all of them were located in a single city). The most used stadium was the Estadio Nacional in Santiago, with 10 matches; the Estadio Sausalito in Viña del Mar hosted 8 matches, and the stadiums in Rancagua and far-away Arica (the only location that was not close to the other cities) both hosted 7 matches. Being that Estadio Nacional was the only large venue of the tournament (all others had less than 20,000 seats), it also saw the largest attendance average, by far, with Estadio Sausalito's attendance only being boosted with the Brazil matches it hosted (the semifinal between Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia was the only one in the stadium with less than 10,000 spectators).

Being largely concerned with the build-up of the country after the 1960 earthquake, government support for the tournament was minimal.[4]

Santiago Viña del Mar
Estadio Nacional Estadio Sausalito
33°27′52″S 70°36′38″W / 33.46444°S 70.61056°W / -33.46444; -70.61056 (Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos) 33°00′51.83″S 71°32′6.84″W / 33.0143972°S 71.5352333°W / -33.0143972; -71.5352333 (Estadio Sausalito)
Capacity: 66,660 Capacity: 18,037
Rancagua Arica
Estadio Braden Copper Co. Estadio Carlos Dittborn
34°10′39.95″S 70°44′15.79″W / 34.1777639°S 70.7377194°W / -34.1777639; -70.7377194 (Estadio El Teniente) 18°29′15.47″S 70°17′56.96″W / 18.4876306°S 70.2991556°W / -18.4876306; -70.2991556 (Estadio Carlos Dittborn)
Capacity: 18,000 Capacity: 17,786

Team bases

[edit]
Team Site City
 Argentina Hostería El Sauzal Rancagua
 Brazil Villa Retiro Quilpué
 Bulgaria Parque Municipal Machalí
 Chile Villa del Seleccionado Santiago
 Colombia Hotel El Morro Arica
 Czechoslovakia Posada Quebrada Verde Valparaíso
 England Staff House Braden Copper Co. Coya
 Hungary Hotel Turismo Rengo
 Italy Escuela de Aviación Cap. Ávalos Santiago
 Mexico Hotel O'Higgins Viña del Mar
 Soviet Union Hostería Arica Arica
 Spain Hotel Miramar Caleta Abarca Viña del Mar
  Switzerland Club Suizo Santiago
 Uruguay Hotel Azapa Arica
 West Germany Escuela Militar Bernardo O'Higgins Santiago
 Yugoslavia Hotel El Paso Arica

Squads

[edit]
Further information: 1962 FIFA World Cup squads

Squads for the 1962 World Cup consisted of 22 players, as for the previous tournament in 1958.

After Attilio Demaría and Luis Monti, who both represented Argentina in 1930 and Italy in 1934, Ferenc Puskás (Hungary in 1954, then Spain), José Santamaría (Uruguay in 1954, then Spain) and José Altafini (Brazil in 1958, then Italy) became the third, fourth and fifth players to play for two national teams in the World Cup. In light of this, FIFA created stipulations describing that once a player represents a nation during a World Cup or its qualifying rounds the player cannot switch to another national team.[5] Robert Prosinečki and Robert Jarni would later become the sixth and seventh such players, playing for Yugoslavia in 1990, then for Croatia in 1998; Davor Šuker was also selected in both squads, but did not play in 1990. This was accepted by FIFA because Croatia was a newly independent former republic of Yugoslavia.

Match officials

[edit]

Eighteen match officials from 17 countries were assigned to the tournament to serve as referees and assistant referees.

Seeding

[edit]
Pot 1: South America Pot 2: Europe I Pot 3: Europe II Pot 4: Rest of the World

Format

[edit]

The format of the competition was similar to that of the 1958 competition: 16 teams qualified, divided into four groups of four. Four teams were seeded in the draw taking place in Santiago, on 18 January 1962: Brazil, England, Italy and Uruguay.[6] The top two teams in each group advanced to the quarter-finals.

Two points were awarded for a win and one for a draw. In a change from the 1958 format, goal average was used to separate any teams equal on points.[7] (In 1958, goal average was available, but was only between teams level on points in first place, or if a playoff between teams equal in second place failed to yield a result after extra time). Argentina became the first team in World Cup history to be eliminated on goal average when England advanced from Group 4 in second place.

In the knockout games, if the teams were level after ninety minutes, thirty minutes of extra time were played. For any match other than the final, if the teams were still even after extra time then lots would be drawn to determine the winner. The final would have been replayed if still tied after extra time; but if still tied after the replay, the champion would have been decided by drawing lots. In the event, no replays or drawing of lots were necessary.

Qualifying countries and their result

Summary

[edit]

In May 1960, as the preparations were well under way, Chile suffered the largest earthquake ever recorded (9.5 magnitude), which caused enormous damage to the national infrastructure. In the face of this, Carlos Dittborn, the president of the Organization Committee, coined the phrase "Porque nada tenemos, lo haremos todo" (Because we have nothing, we will do everything).[8] Stadia and other infrastructure were rebuilt at record speed and the tournament occurred on schedule with no major organisational flaw. Dittborn did not live to see the success of his efforts, as he died one month before the start of the tournament. The World Cup venue at Arica was named Estadio Carlos Dittborn in his honour and bears his name to this day.[9] Even with these few and low-capacity stadiums Chile was able to meet the demand for seats as international travel to Chile, far-away for Europe, was minimal at the time.[4]

President Jorge Alessandri gave an uninspiring inaugural speech before the first match, which was played between Chile and Switzerland. Alessandri left however before the end of the match. While Chilean society was living in a "footballized" atmosphere, Alessandri was criticized for his cold attitude towards the tournament, which forced his ministers to come out and claim he was as "footballized" as everybody else, but was too busy to devote too much attention to the competition.[4]

Official 1962 FIFA World Cup poster.

The competition was marred by constant violence on the pitch. This poisonous atmosphere culminated in the first-round match between host Chile and Italy (2–0), known as the Battle of Santiago. Two Italian journalists had written unflattering articles about the host country and its capital city; describing Santiago as a "proudly backwards and poverty-stricken dump full of prostitution and crime".[10] Although only two players (both of them Italian) were sent off by the English referee Ken Aston, the match saw repeated attempts from players on both sides to harm opponents, and the Italian team needed police protection to leave the field in safety.[11] Articles in the Italian papers La Nazione and Corriere della Sera were saying that allowing Chile to host the World Cup was "pure madness"; this was used and magnified by local newspapers to inflame the Chilean population. The British newspaper the Daily Express wrote "The tournament shows every sign of developing into a violent bloodbath. Reports read like battlefront despatches; the Italy vs West Germany match was described as 'wrestling and warfare'".

As the competition began, a shift in strategy was imminent. Defensive strategies began to take hold as the average goals per match dropped to 2.78, under 3 for the first time in competition history (the average has never been above 3 since).[12]

Pelé was injured in the second group match against Czechoslovakia. The Soviet Union goalkeeper Lev Yashin, arguably the best goalkeeper in the world at the time, was in poor form and his team went out to Chile (1–2) in the quarter-finals. Bright spots included the emergence of the young Brazilians Amarildo (standing in for Pelé) and Garrincha, the heroics of Czechoslovakia goalkeeper Viliam Schrojf against Hungary and Yugoslavia, and the performance of the host nation Chile, who took third place with a squad of relatively unknown players.[citation needed]. This has been the best performance of a South American team in a World Cup so far without taking into account the historical ones (Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay).

In the first round, Brazil topped their group with Czechoslovakia finishing second, above Mexico and Spain. USSR and Yugoslavia finished above Uruguay and Colombia. Hungary, along with England progressed to the quarter-finals, while Argentina and Bulgaria were eliminated. England had the same number of points as Argentina but progressed due to a superior goal average; the first time such a requirement had been necessary in a World Cup finals tournament. Switzerland lost all three games while West Germany and Chile both went through over Italy.

Brazil national football team in the World Cup, 1962. National Archives of Brazil.

Chile defeated European champions USSR to earn a semi-final game against the winner of the England – Brazil game. Garrincha scored two goals in a 3–1 win against England. Meanwhile, 1–0 wins for Yugoslavia against West Germany – and another 1–0 win of Czechoslovakia against neighbours Hungary – saw the two Slavic states meet in the semi-finals.

Viña del Mar was the original venue for the South American semi-final and Santiago for the Slavic one, but due to Chile's surprise qualification, the organisers prompted FIFA to switch the venues. This irritated crowds in Viña del Mar and only a little under 6,000 spectators came to Estadio Sausalito to watch Czechoslovakia beat Yugoslavia 3–1, whereas a capacity crowd of 76,600 in Santiago watched Brazil beat the hosts 4–2.[13] This game saw Garrincha sent off for Brazil and Honorino Landa sent off for Chile. Chile eventually took third place in a 1–0 victory over Yugoslavia with the last play of the match. The same player, Eladio Rojas, had also scored the winning goal in Chile's game against USSR.

Santiago's Estadio Nacional served as the venue for the final, and after 15 minutes, Brazil again found themselves a goal behind in the World Cup final, as a long ball from Adolf Scherer was latched onto by Josef Masopust: 1–0 Czechoslovakia. As in the previous final in 1958, Brazil soon hit back, equalising two minutes later through Amarildo after an error by Czechoslovak goalkeeper Schroijf. The Brazilians scored goals from Zito and Vavá (another Schrojf error) midway through the second half, and the Czechoslovaks could not get back into the game. The match ended 3–1 to Brazil, a successful defence of the title for only the second time in the history of the competition in spite of the absence of one of their star players of 1958, Pelé, who was replaced by Amarildo.

Group stage

[edit]

Group 1

[edit]
Main article: 1962 FIFA World Cup Group 1

Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GR Pts Qualification
1  Soviet Union 3 2 1 0 8 5 1.600 5 Advance to knockout stage
2  Yugoslavia 3 2 0 1 8 3 2.667 4
3  Uruguay 3 1 0 2 4 6 0.667 2
4  Colombia 3 0 1 2 5 11 0.455 1
Source: FIFA
Uruguay 2–1 Colombia
Cubilla 56'
Sasía 75'		 Report Zuluaga 19' (pen.)
Attendance: 7,908
Soviet Union 2–0 Yugoslavia
Ivanov 51'
Ponedelnik 83'		 Report
Attendance: 9,622
Yugoslavia 3–1 Uruguay
Skoblar 25' (pen.)
Galić 29'
Jerković 49'		 Report Cabrera 19'
Attendance: 8,829
Soviet Union 4–4 Colombia
Ivanov 8', 11'
Chislenko 10'
Ponedelnik 56'		 Report Aceros 21'
Coll 68'
Rada 72'
Klinger 86'
Attendance: 8,040
Soviet Union 2–1 Uruguay
Mamykin 38'
Ivanov 89'		 Report Sasía 54'
Attendance: 9,973
Referee: Cesare Jonni (Italy)
Yugoslavia 5–0 Colombia
Galić 20', 61'
Jerković 25', 87'
Melić 82'		 Report
Attendance: 7,167
Referee: Carlos Robles (Chile)

Group 2

[edit]
Main article: 1962 FIFA World Cup Group 2

Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GR Pts Qualification
1  West Germany 3 2 1 0 4 1 4.000 5 Advance to knockout stage
2  Chile 3 2 0 1 5 3 1.667 4
3  Italy 3 1 1 1 3 2 1.500 3
4   Switzerland 3 0 0 3 2 8 0.250 0
Source: FIFA
Chile 3–1  Switzerland
L. Sánchez 44', 55'
Ramírez 51'		 Report Wüthrich 6'
Attendance: 65,006
West Germany 0–0 Italy
Report
Attendance: 65,440
Main article: Battle of Santiago (1962 FIFA World Cup)
Chile 2–0 Italy
Ramírez 73'
Toro 87'		 Report
Attendance: 66,057
West Germany 2–1  Switzerland
Brülls 45'
Seeler 59'		 Report Schneiter 73'
Attendance: 64,922
West Germany 2–0 Chile
Szymaniak 21' (pen.)
Seeler 82'		 Report
Attendance: 67,224
Italy 3–0  Switzerland
Mora 2'
Bulgarelli 65', 67'		 Report
Attendance: 59,828

Group 3

[edit]
Main article: 1962 FIFA World Cup Group 3

Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GR Pts Qualification
1  Brazil 3 2 1 0 4 1 4.000 5 Advance to knockout stage
2  Czechoslovakia 3 1 1 1 2 3 0.667 3
3  Mexico 3 1 0 2 3 4 0.750 2
4  Spain 3 1 0 2 2 3 0.667 2
Source: FIFA
Brazil 2–0 Mexico
Zagallo 56'
Pelé 73'		 Report
Attendance: 10,484
Czechoslovakia 1–0 Spain
Štibrányi 80' Report
Attendance: 12,700
Brazil 0–0 Czechoslovakia
Report
Attendance: 14,903
Spain 1–0 Mexico
Peiró 90' Report
Attendance: 11,875
Brazil 2–1 Spain
Amarildo 72', 86' Report Adelardo 35'
Attendance: 18,715
Mexico 3–1 Czechoslovakia
Díaz 12'
Del Águila 29'
Hernández 90' (pen.)		 Report Mašek 1'
Attendance: 10,648

Group 4

[edit]
Main article: 1962 FIFA World Cup Group 4

Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GR Pts Qualification
1  Hungary 3 2 1 0 8 2 4.000 5 Advance to knockout stage
2  England 3 1 1 1 4 3 1.333 3[a]
3  Argentina 3 1 1 1 2 3 0.667 3[a]
4  Bulgaria 3 0 1 2 1 7 0.143 1
Source: FIFA
Notes:
  1. ^ a b England finished ahead of Argentina on goal average.
Argentina 1–0 Bulgaria
Facundo 4' Report
Attendance: 7,134
Hungary 2–1 England
Tichy 17'
Albert 71'		 Report Flowers 60' (pen.)
Attendance: 7,938
England 3–1 Argentina
Flowers 17' (pen.)
Charlton 42'
Greaves 67'		 Report Sanfilippo 81'
Attendance: 9,794
Hungary 6–1 Bulgaria
Albert 1', 6', 53'
Tichy 8', 70'
Solymosi 12'		 Report Sokolov 64'[14]
Attendance: 7,442
Hungary 0–0 Argentina
Report
Attendance: 7,945
England 0–0 Bulgaria
Report
Attendance: 5,700

Knockout stage

[edit]
Main article: 1962 FIFA World Cup knockout stage

Bracket

[edit]
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
10 June – Arica
 
 
 Soviet Union1
 
13 June – Santiago
 
 Chile2
 
 Chile2
 
10 June – Viña del Mar
 
 Brazil4
 
 Brazil3
 
17 June – Santiago
 
 England1
 
 Brazil3
 
10 June – Santiago
 
 Czechoslovakia1
 
 West Germany0
 
13 June – Viña del Mar
 
 Yugoslavia1
 
 Yugoslavia1
 
10 June – Rancagua
 
 Czechoslovakia3 Third place play-off
 
 Hungary0
 
16 June – Santiago
 
 Czechoslovakia1
 
 Chile1
 
 
 Yugoslavia0
 

Quarter-finals

[edit]
Chile 2–1 Soviet Union
L. Sánchez 11'
Rojas 29'		 Report Chislenko 26'
Attendance: 17,268
Czechoslovakia 1–0 Hungary
Scherer 13' Report
Attendance: 11,690
Brazil 3–1 England
Garrincha 31', 59'
Vavá 53'		 Report Hitchens 38'
Attendance: 17,736
Yugoslavia 1–0 West Germany
Radaković 85' Report
Attendance: 63,324

Semi-finals

[edit]
Czechoslovakia 3–1 Yugoslavia
Kadraba 48'
Scherer 80', 84' (pen.)		 Report Jerković 69'
Attendance: 5,890
Brazil 4–2 Chile
Garrincha 9', 32'
Vavá 47', 78'		 Report Toro 42'
L. Sánchez 61' (pen.)
Attendance: 76,594

Third place play-off

[edit]
Chile 1–0 Yugoslavia
Rojas 90' Report
Attendance: 66,697

Final

[edit]
Main article: 1962 FIFA World Cup final
Brazil 3–1 Czechoslovakia
Amarildo 17'
Zito 69'
Vavá 78'		 Report Masopust 15'
Attendance: 68,679

Goalscorers

[edit]

With four goals each, Flórián Albert, Garrincha, Valentin Ivanov, Dražan Jerković, Leonel Sánchez and Vavá were the top scorers in the tournament. In total, 89 goals were scored by 54 players, with none of them credited as own goal.

4 goals
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal

FIFA retrospective ranking

[edit]

In 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[15][16] The rankings for the 1962 tournament were as follows:

R Team G P W D L GF GA GD Pts.
1  Brazil 3 6 5 1 0 14 5 +9 11
2  Czechoslovakia 3 6 3 1 2 7 7 0 7
3  Chile 2 6 4 0 2 10 8 +2 8
4  Yugoslavia 1 6 3 0 3 10 7 +3 6
Eliminated in the quarter-finals
5  Hungary 4 4 2 1 1 8 3 +5 5
6  Soviet Union 1 4 2 1 1 9 7 +2 5
7  West Germany 2 4 2 1 1 4 2 +2 5
8  England 4 4 1 1 2 5 6 −1 3
Eliminated in the group stage
9  Italy 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 +1 3
10  Argentina 4 3 1 1 1 2 3 −1 3
11  Mexico 3 3 1 0 2 3 4 −1 2
12  Spain 1 3 1 0 2 2 3 −1 2
13  Uruguay 3 3 1 0 2 4 6 −2 2
14  Colombia 1 3 0 1 2 5 11 −6 1
15  Bulgaria 4 3 0 1 2 1 7 −6 1
16   Switzerland 2 3 0 0 3 2 8 −6 0

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "FIFA World Cup 1962 – Historical Football Kits". Historicalkits.co.uk. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  2. ^ Paul (16 December 2012). "Carlos Dittborn Pinto – 1962 FIFA World Cup". DoFooty.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Zamorano, Javier (31 May 2022). ""Porque no tenemos nada...": la icónica respuesta a Argentina que pasó a la historia". Radio Bío-Bío (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Ortega, Luis (2005), "De pasión de multitudes a rito privado", in Sagredo, Rafael; Gazmuri, Cristián (eds.), Historia de la vida privada en Chile (in Spanish), vol. 3: El Chile contemporáneo. De 1925 a nuestros días (4th ed.), Santiago de Chile: Aguilar Chilena de Ediciones, ISBN 956-239-337-2
  5. ^ Ryan, Kelly. "FIFA national team eligibility: Rules, players who have switched & everything you need to know". Goal.com. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  6. ^ "History of the World Cup Final Draw" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  7. ^ "for the first time goal average was brought in as a means of separating teams with the same number of points""Compact book of the World Cup" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2013.
  8. ^ Brewin, John; Williamson, Martin (30 April 2014). "World Cup History: 1962". ESPN FC. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  9. ^ Fett, Matthias (2 July 2020). "The game has changed – a systematic approach to classify FIFA World Cups". International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 12 (3): 455–470. doi:10.1080/19406940.2020.1784978. ISSN 1940-6940. S2CID 221714908.
  10. ^ "Italy World Cup Rewind: Infamy at the Battle of Santiago, 1962". Bleacher Report.
  11. ^ Lopresti, Sam (28 February 2014). "Italy World Cup Rewind: Infamy at the Battle of Santiago, 1962". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  12. ^ "FIFA World Cup Record – Organisation". FIFA. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  13. ^ Grüne, Hardy (2006). "WM 1962 Chile". Fussball WM Enzyklopädie 1930–2006. Agon Sportverlag. ISBN 978-3-89784-261-8.
  14. ^ RSSSF credits this goal to Georgi Asparuhov.
  15. ^ "page 45" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  16. ^ "FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7" (PDF). FIFA. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013.
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