Giant Wild Goose Pagoda

Giant Wild Goose Pagoda

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
Official name	R06–CN Great Wild Goose Pagoda
Location	Xi'an, Yanta District, Shaanxi, China
Part of	Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor
Criteria	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (v), (vi)
Reference	1442
Inscription	2014 (38th Session)
Coordinates	34°13′11″N 108°57′34″E
Location of Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in China

Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
"Large Wild Goose Pagoda" in Chinese characters
Chinese	大雁塔
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Dàyàn tǎ IPA [tâ jɛ̂n tʰà] Wu Suzhounese Dâ-iě thaeh Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Daaih-ngaahn taap Jyutping Daai6-ngaan6 taap3 IPA [taj˨ ŋan˨ tʰap̚˧] Southern Min Tâi-lô Tuā-gān thah

Statue of Xuanzang in front of Giant Wild Goose Pagoda

Giant Wild Goose Pagoda or Big Wild Goose Pagoda (Chinese: 大雁塔; pinyin: Dàyàn tǎ, lit. 'big swan goose pagoda'), is a monumental Buddhist pagoda located in southern Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It was built in c. 648 – c. 649 during the Tang dynasty and originally had five stories. It was rebuilt in 704 during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian and its exterior brick façade was renovated during the Ming dynasty.

One of the pagoda's many functions was to hold sutras and figurines of Gautama Buddha that were brought to China from India by the seventh-century Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator Xuanzang. Today, the interior walls of the pagoda feature engraved statues of Buddha by the renowned 7th-century artist Yan Liben.

This pagoda was added to the World Heritage List, along with many other sites along the Silk Road, as part of the "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor" site in 2014.

Surroundings and history

The original pagoda was built during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang (r. 649–683), then standing at a height of 60 metres (200 ft). This construction of rammed earth with a stone exterior facade collapsed five decades later. The ruling Empress Wu Zetian had the pagoda rebuilt and added five new stories by the year 704.

A massive earthquake in 1556 heavily damaged the pagoda and reduced it by three stories, to its current height of seven stories.

The structure leans very perceptibly (several degrees) to the west. Its related structure, the 8th century Small Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an, only suffered minor damage in the 1556 earthquake (unrepaired to this day). The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda was extensively repaired during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and renovated again in 1964. The pagoda currently stands at a height of 64 metres (210 ft) tall and from the top it offers views over the city of Xi'an.

The tower sits inside the Daci'en Temple complex ("mercy and kindness"). The Daci'en Temple was built in 648 to honor the Empress Zhangsun. The temple complex is open to the public and it receives millions of tourists each year. It can be accessed from the Dayanta station of line 3 of the Xi'an Metro. One entrance is located at the northeast corner of the north plaza. A new entrance has opened during the end of 2017.

Gallery

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  Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi'an
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  Golden statue of Xuanzang. Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi'an
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  Gold Pagoda inside Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi'an
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  Giant Wild Goose Pagoda by night
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  Statue of Xuanzang. Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi'an.
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  Close-up view of the eaves and exterior bricks
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  Avalokiteshvara Hall
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  View from the park
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  Inside the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
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  View from the top, in 2014
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  Night view of South Square of Dayan Pagoda in2020
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  Side view, below

See also

• List of tallest structures built before the 20th century

References

• Benn, Charles (2002). China's Golden Age: Everyday Life in the Tang Dynasty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Ingles, O.G. "Impressions of a Civil Engineer in China," The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs (Number 7, 1982): 141–150.
• Heng Chye Kiang. (1999). Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: The Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes. Singapore: Singapore University Press. ISBN 9971-69-223-6.
• Watson, William. (2000). The Arts of China to A.D. 900. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08284-3.