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Elimelech of Lizhensk

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Elimelech of Lizhensk
A marble painting that is said to resemble the face of Rabbi Elimelech of Lizhensk
TitleElimelech of Lezajsk
Personal
Born
Elimelech Weisblum

1717
Tyczyn, Poland
DiedMarch 11, 1787
Leżajsk, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
ReligionJudaism
SpouseShprintza, Gittel
ChildrenRabbi Elazar, Rabbi Eliezer Lipa, Reb Yaakov, Mirish, Esther Ethel
Parents
  • Eliezer Lipman (father)
  • Mirel dit Mirish (mother)
Jewish leader
PredecessorDov Ber of Mezeritch
SuccessorChozeh of Lublin, Yisroel of Kozhnitz
Main workNoam Elimelech
DynastyLizhensk

Elimelech Weisblum of Lizhensk (1717–March 11, 1787[1]) was a rabbi and one of the founding Rebbes of the Hasidic movement. His hometown was Leżajsk (Yiddish: ליזשענסק, romanized: Lizhensk) near Rzeszów in Poland. He was part of the inner "Chevraya Kadisha" (Holy Society) school of Dov Ber of Mezeritch (second leader of the Hasidic movement), who became the decentralised, third generation leadership after the passing of Dov Ber in 1772.

Elimelech wrote Noam Elimelech, which developed the Hasidic theory of the Tzaddik into the full doctrine of "Practical/Popular Tzaddikism". He was the founder of Hasidism in Poland-Galicia, and numerous leaders and Hasidic dynasties emerged from his disciples in the early 19th century, including the Chozeh of Lublin, the Maggid of Koznitz and Menachem Mendel of Rimanov, one of the three "Fathers of Polish Hasidism".[citation needed]

Biography

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Elimelech was born in Tyczyn.[2]

Elimelech's daughter Ester Etel Elbaum's grave in Frysztak, 2013

He married Sprinza (Esperanza), daughter of Rabbi Aharon Rokach Margolioth, and they had five children. After her death Elimelech married Gittel, daughter of Rabbi Yaakov Margolioth.[3]

He died in Leżajsk on the 21st of Adar.

Elimelech and his brother Zushya

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Elimelech was a student of Dovber of Mezeritch, as was his brother Meshulam Zushya of Anipoli. Both brothers are important figures in Hasidic tradition. The two offered a contrast in the model of the Hasidic Rebbe, with Elimelech the ascetic scholar, and Zushya giving the impression of the charismatic "saintly simpleton", although he too was well versed in Hasidic philosophy.

Hasidic Leadership

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After the death of Dovber of Mezeritch the Hasidic movement avoided one centralised leader, as it had under the Baal Shem Tov and Dovber. Instead Dovber's students dispersed across Eastern Europe, from Poland to Russia, taking with them their different interpretations of Hasidism. He began the dissemination of Hasidism in Poland, which subsequently increased to a much greater extent under his foremost disciple, the Chozeh of Lublin.[citation needed]

Many of Elimelech's students (talmidim) went on to be rebbes themselves, including the Chozeh of Lublin, Menachem Mendel of Rimanov, the Kozhnitzer Maggid, the Apter Rov and Kalonymus Kalman Epstein, author of Maor Vashemesh.

His grave in Leżajsk, Poland, is visited by thousands of Hasidism, particularly on the anniversary of his death, the 21st of the Hebrew month of Adar (in leap years in Adar II).[4] In 2012, approximately 6,000 pilgrims [5] came to visit the site on the anniversary coming from Israel, Ukraine, Hungary, Germany, Holland, France, Great Britain, Canada and the USA.[6] In most Chasidic minyanim, Tachanun is omitted on the Noam Elimelech's Yartzeit.[7]

Noam Elimelech

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As is common among prominent rabbis he is often known by the name of his best known book, in his case Noam Elimelech, a commentary on the Torah which is one of the principal works of Hasidism.[8]

The book has asterisks or stars placed in seemingly random places within the text. Tradition has it that these stars were placed by the author intentionally and contain some meaning.[9] They are therefore included in almost all subsequent printed editions of the work.

Elimelech also wrote Tzetl Koton, a seventeen-point program on how to be a good Jew, and Hanhagos HaAdam, a list of Minhagim (customs) for pious Jews to follow.[10]

References

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  1. ^ See image of gravestone at e.g. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_fTh0xyZ1FRQ/R-rEbh5TgVI/AAAAAAAABA4/h3023o7lqXI/s400/elimelech.jpg which gives the year as ת' נ' צ' ב' ה' which is 547, short for the Jewish year 5,547, or 1787.
  2. ^ "Rebbe Elimelech Lipman (Weisblum) of Lizhensk". geni_family_tree. 2024-03-11. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
  3. ^ "Biography of Rabbe Elimelech of Lizensk". lizensk.com. 2021-11-01. Archived from the original on 2016-07-31. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  4. ^ David M. Gitlitz & Linda Kay Davidson ‘’Pilgrimage and the Jews’’ (Westport: CT: Praeger, 2006), 112-115.
  5. ^ http://www.rp.pl/artykul/10,838345-Chasydzi-pielgrzymuja-do-grobu-cadyka.html [dead link]
  6. ^ "Kilka tysięcy chasydów w Leżajsku". 15 March 2012.
  7. ^ See "Everything You Wanted to Know About Tachanun | Woodstock Tom (Dot) Com". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-03-08.
  8. ^ "English translation of the haskamah of the Grand Rebbe of Boston, shlita, Ramat Bet Shemesh" (PDF). torahdownloads.com. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  9. ^ Rabbi Dov Ehrmann, Devarim Areivim Part 1, p. 17: "In the first edition of the book, there are in many places small stars which allude to some secret meaning".
  10. ^ "Mussar Center - Classic Works". www.mussar.center.
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Jewish titles
Preceded by Hasidic Rebbes
1772–1786 		Succeeded by
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